2. Fundamental interactions and symmetries at low energies what does NUPECC say…. Time-reversal violation and electric dipole moments Time-reversal violation and beta decay The TRI  P facility (Trapped Radioactive Isotopes  lab’s for fundamental Physics) H.W. Wilschut TRI  P: A new facility for test of the Standard Model with radioactive isotopes Fantom symposium 8-9 may 2003

4. Time reversal violation and the Electric Dipole Moment J QM: J//d any particle will do d n  0.6 10 -27 em d e < 1.6 10 -29 em d e (SM) < 10 -39 em find suitable object Schiff need amplifier atomic (Z 3 ) nuclear suitable structure Consider all nuclides time d EDM violates parity and time reversal Why is EDM a TRV observable

5. EDM: What Object to Choose ? Theoretical input needed 205 Tl: d = -585 d e 199 Hg: d  nucl  atom Ra: Ra/Hg=(10 >1 )(10 >3 )

6. Enhancements in Radium Nuclei with J=1/2 available Atomic enhancement more important some Ra nuclei

7. EDM Now and in the Future 1.6  10 -27 Start TRI  P 199 Hg Radium potential d e (SM) < 10 -37 NUPECC list

8. R and D test both Time Reversal Violation D  most potential R  scalar and tensor (EDM, a) technique D measurements gives a, A, b, B TRV in  -decay: Correlation measurement But first something simple…………

9. “The Nucleus as micro laboratory” Fermi transitions 0 +  0 +  +  + N N’ e, Gamow-Teller 1 +  0 + Decay probability  (phase space) (nuclear structure) (weak interact) neutrino electron recoil 

10. The role of (optical) trapping Optical trap sample isotope selective, spin manipulation point source, no substrate recoil (ion) mass spectrometry From KVI atomic physics: He 2+ + Na S. Knoop Ideal environment for precision experiments 1 a.u.=15 A  eV

11. The effect of the FSI (Theory group/masters thesis Marc van Veenhuizen) D=0 if all formfactors are real finite D due to weak magnetism FSI and TRV can be disentangled

12. Status and Future of D coefficient  10 -5 -10 -4 exotic ferm.  10 -5 -10 -4 LR sym  present limit lepto quark  10 -7 -10 -6 Susy  10 -12 CKM D  Im (C V C A * ) Theory D in neutron (-0.6  1.7)  10 -3 D in 19 Ne < (4  8)  10 -4 Weak magnetism D WM ( 19 Ne) = 2.6  10 -4 p e /p max With measurement of D(p e ) momentum dependence two orders of magnitude to be gained. D in   =0.11  0.10 KVI goes for 21 Na (3/2 +  3/2 + ; t 1/2 =22.5 s) 19 Ne (1/2 +  1/2 + ; t 1/2 =17.3 s) 20 Na(2 +  2 + +  /  ; t 1/2 =0.5 s) 23 Mg (3/2 +  3/2 + ; t 1/2 =11.3 s) ( Rate of in-trap decays 10 5 /s) : :

13. TRI  P - Trapped Radioactive Isotopes:  -laboratories for fundamental Physics  TRI  P Facility to produce  AGOR select  Separator collect hold Traps manipulate radioactive nuclei, to study physics beyond the Standard Model

14. The double mode separator QD AGOR beam Target chamber 1 Target chamber 2 Low energy beam Traps Gas cooler, RFQ Gas-filled recoil mode * In the gas-filled mode the resolving power is limited by multiple scattering in the gas typical reaction: 206 Pb + 12 C at 8 MeV/nucleon DD TRI  P Fragmentation mode 21 Na, 20 Na, 19 Ne

15. Production and separation in fragmentation mode recoil separator vs. fragment separator = 1 step vs. 2 step separation  (Semi) direct reactions on p or d + “large” cross sections + well focused large yields – close to projectile  Fragmentation isotope production + thick targets + wide range of fragments – non selective, small yields TRI  P

16. new RIB facilities propose gascatchers He gas stops products as 1+ ions (ionization potential difference) Does it work? It works in Argonne more input needed Catching the fast ions (ouch!)

17. TRI  P RFQ Cooler optical laboratory built up optical laboratory built up home product: diode lasers home product: diode lasers I 2 spectroscopy successful I 2 spectroscopy successful Ba optical trap under way Ba optical trap under way Ti:sapphire, dye, pump lasers Ti:sapphire, dye, pump lasers coming in coming in Infrastructure being prepared being prepared

18. TRI  P Group at KVI TRI  P Scientists: G.P. Berg U. Dammalapati P.G. Dendooven O. Dermois M.N. Harakeh K. Jungmann A. Rogachevskiy M. Sanchez-Vega R. Timmermans, (theory) E. Traykov L. Willmann H.W. Wilschut you? (Graduate students) you? (Post docs) collaborations: NIPNET IonCatcher Research technicians: L. Huisman H. Kiewiet M. Stokroos KVI atomic phyisics R. Hoekstra R. Morgenstern S. Knoop S. Hoekstra

19. Nuclear physics Atomic physics Fundamental Interactions  -decay Atomic moments Electric dipole Nuclear moments Nuclear structure  - and  -decay Atomic structure chemistry condensates very rare isotope detection Summary and outlook Applied physics

20. The abundance of 41 Ca 4 stages laser focusing Zeeman slower optical molasses MOT (ready) 10 orders of magnitude to go Applied physics: AlCatraz KVI atomic physics project 4  10 -5

21. The physics aims of measuring Parity Non- Conserving (PNC) transitions in atom PNC in atom indicates 1) weak interaction of electron with nucleus measures nuclear weak charge 2) electromagnetic interaction PNC moment of nucleus measures nuclear anapole moment Q W and a have been measured for Cs J mirror J

22. Importance of atomic traps ultra selective isotopic and isomeric collect in one cold pointreduce phase space hold slightlyshallow potential manipulate position polarization and orientation Precision allows one to obtain (New) Physics: weak charge, anapoles, electric dipole moments, beta decay correlations We start with: Hot soup of fast moving atoms with random orientation and end with: Precisely defined single species (with orientation)

23. Atomic Traps for  -decay studies Why is atomic trapping important in nuclear and particle physics  -decay correlations kinematical correlations +polarization Approaches to correlation measurements o MOT o TOP o FORT H.W. Wilschut

24. example TOP spin degrees of freedom Time orbiting potential  vs  measures A “Wu experiment” Vieira et al. (LANL) 82 Rb (t 1/2 =75 s; 1 +  0 +, (2 + ) ) Appears to have been abandoned  FORT

25. Time Reversal Violation (TRV) in atoms (electric dipole moment) Dipole moment is both TRV and PNC To see PNC or TRV need atomic enhancement: Near degenerate states with opposite parity. J time d Trapping facilitates the study of transitions in atoms with a (radioactive) nucleus, chosen for its suitability (high Z, hyperfine structure, anapole moment, e.g Cs and Fr).

26. Principle of EDM measurement B E B E - =   state preparation detection precession

27. Washington Seattle

28. Structure of the weak interaction Of all possible interactions only few are allowed characterization by the Dirac matrices involved Scalar Pseudo Scalar Vector (G V ) Axial Vector (G A ) Tensor Structure is V - A= left handed interaction “beyond” = right handedness new bosons more Higgs’s or….. = S, P or T