1. Azizul bin Salehudin Nurulraini binti Mohd Ramli

2.  from Greek word, hysterikos  describe as a state of mind, one of unmanageable fear or emotional excesses  more frequently in women than in men  prevalence of approximately 2-3% of the general population  patient experiences physical symptoms that have a psychological cause, rather than organic cause  people who are "hysterical" often lose self-control due to the overwhelming fear  it is however still medically unexplained  also called ‘somatoform disorder’

3.  31st January – 200 students of boarding school in Dungun, Terengganu  14th April – 15 students and a teacher of a secondary school in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan  24th April – 13 students of a secondary school in Taiping, Perak  19th June – 30 students of a boarding school in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur  17th July – 10 students of a secondary school in Nibong Tebal, Perak  24th July – 35 students of a secondary school in Kuantan, Pahang  4th August – 12 students of a motivation camp in Teluk Intan, Perak  7th August – A female student of a secondary school in Subang Jaya, Selangor  8th August – 15 students of a secondary school in Kuching, Sarawak  8th August – 11 students of a secondary school in Kuantan, Pahang  28th August – 8 students of a secondary school in Kuantan, Pahang

5.  Hysteria divided into two types: 1. Conversion Disorder 2. Dissociative Hysteria

6.  more common in Western countries  Symptoms :  body paralyzed, blind, deaf and dumb, although in fact they don’t have these problems  include somatization disorder, chronic pain disorder, hypochondriasis, and body dysmorphic disorder  Common causes :  conflict and trauma from past experiences (rape, murder, fatal accident)

8.  includes amnestic fugue states (state of mind characterized by abandonment of personal identity, along with the memories, personality and other identifying characteristics of individuality)  disturbance or alteration in the normally integrative functions of identity, memory, or consciousness in Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Thailand and Zambia.  common in Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Thailand and Zambia.  in Malaysia, in 1980s many cases been reported but it began to decrease in 1990s. In 2008, rapid increase of cases.  usually happen to children and teenagers  highest cases in boarding school, factory, motivation camp, and orientation week in school, college and university  syndrome typically began with one girl and rapidly spread to other girls – mass hysteria  for most subjects, symptoms resolved within one hour

9. rapidly changing emotions rapidly changing emotions anesthesia (lack of feeling) anesthesia (lack of feeling) hallucination hallucination screaming/shouting screaming/shouting crying and raving crying and raving abnormal strength and aggressive behavior abnormal strength and aggressive behavior seizures, loss of self control seizures, loss of self control partial loss in consciousness partial loss in consciousness fainting fainting amnesia for entire episode amnesia for entire episode

10.  caused by multiple events in one's past that involved some sort of severe conflict  family history  excessive fear of ghost & superstition  extreme tiredness  factory–exhausted and lack of time to rest  uncontrolled pressure/ stress:  school – near examination period, due to excessive pressure and high expectation from family and teachers  boarding school – strict rules and difficulty to adapt with rules  orientation week – difficult to adapt with new environment, packed schedules, exhausted and homesick

11.  patient interview  modern techniques to assess the patient for hysterical tendencies, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) or the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III)

12.  keep hysteria patient away from other people – to avoid mass hysteria  counseling session  continuous support from people surround them  regular appointments with a physician  regular appointments with a physician  psychotherapy may be attempted to help the patient gain confidence into the cause of their conflict/distress  behavioral therapy can help to avoid reenforcing symptoms  therapy based on the patients’ belief/religion

13.  http://www.myhealth.gov.my/myhealth/bm/template.jsp?showMe= 6&storyid=1220847518062 http://www.myhealth.gov.my/myhealth/bm/template.jsp?showMe= 6&storyid=1220847518062 http://www.myhealth.gov.my/myhealth/bm/template.jsp?showMe= 6&storyid=1220847518062  https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/16 12/Diss_8_3_2_OCR.pdf;jsessionid=2B8BB85BA6301AEEA8383F 51D9F54D21?sequence=1 https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/16 12/Diss_8_3_2_OCR.pdf;jsessionid=2B8BB85BA6301AEEA8383F 51D9F54D21?sequence=1 https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/16 12/Diss_8_3_2_OCR.pdf;jsessionid=2B8BB85BA6301AEEA8383F 51D9F54D21?sequence=1  http://www.bharian.com.my/Current_News/BH/Sunday/Bmdua/20 080907094245/Article/index_html http://www.bharian.com.my/Current_News/BH/Sunday/Bmdua/20 080907094245/Article/index_html http://www.bharian.com.my/Current_News/BH/Sunday/Bmdua/20 080907094245/Article/index_html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatoform_disorder http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatoform_disorder  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysteria http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysteria  http://www.bnet.com/ http://www.bnet.com/

14. IJOY & RAINI 08/09