1. Estonian biogas and biomethane (Bio-CH 4 ) potential: current status and perspective Peep Pitk, PhD Tallinn University of Technology/ Estonian Biogas Association 26.11.2015, Tallinn

2. Biogas and Biomethane „Biogas is a renewable energy source and typically refers to a mixture of CH 4, CO 2, H 2 S etc and is produced by the degradation of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural wastes, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage sludge, green waste or food waste“

3. Biomethane is cleaned and up- graded biogas! BiogasBiomethane CH 4,%50-75%>95% CO 2,%25-45%<2% H 2 S, O 2, NH 3 etcUp to 5%almost 0 %

4. Biogas producers (total 17 units) in Estonia 11.2015 Used only for CHP or heat production. No Biomethane on the market yet!? 5 Agricultural biogas plants (6.4 MW el ) Valjala Seakasvatuse OÜ Aravete Biogaas OÜ Oisu Biogaas OÜ Vinni Biogaas OÜ Tartu Biogaas OÜ 4 Wastewater treatment plants with anaerobic digestion AS Tallinna Vesi (Heat) AS Narva Vesi (Flare) AS Kuressaare Veevärk (CHP 0.1 MW) AS Tartu Vesi (CHP 0.3 MW) 5 Landfillgas producers (3.75 MW el ) Paikre OÜ Baltic Energy Partners OÜ TALLINNA PRÜGILAGAAS OÜ AS Uikala Prügila AS Doranova 3 Industrial anaerobic digesters OÜ Eastman Salutaguse Pärmitehas AS Estonian Cell (4 000 000 m 3 bio-CH 4 )

5. Biogas production- with diverse technological solutions

6. Potential for biogas/biomethane production in Estonia Bio-CH 4 potential assessments: EBA- 380 mln m 3 CH 4 EDF- 450 mln m 3 CH 4 For replacement of fossil fuels: Estonian Natural Gas consumption 2014 530 mln m 3 CH 4 EU transport sector target 10% - 109 mln m 3 CH 4 What is basis of the potential? More than 100 000 ha of unused agricultural lands!

7. Potential for biogas/biomethane production in Estonia Resources for Bio-CH4 production: Green biomass from unused agrilands (300 000 ha) Energy crops Biomass from semi-natural grasslands Over 80% of the potential Manures, agri-, industrial, biowastes and sludges 20% of the potential

8. Bio-CH 4 favored over CHP- Why? All other biofuel alternatives are just import products without any additional value!

9. Where to start with biomethane in Estonia?

10. Biowastes valorization to Bio-CH 4 : unique opportunity for Estonia 4 bio-waste AD facilities required for allover Estonia and we could become first country in the world to re- use 100% source separated bio-wastes

11. Biowastes valorization to Bio-CH 4 : unique opportunity for Estonia Public transport transfer to 100 % Bio-CH 4 driven buses for 2020 with comparable costs to current diesel bus fleet! Governmental and local authorities ambition and will required to start thinking longer than just one election period and make things happen that really matter!

12. We tend to say that Estonia is small but flexible and innovative country! Bio-waste valorization as Bio-CH 4 is a perfect opportunity to prove it!

13. Public transport: liquid fossil fuels or natural gas vs BIOMETHANE Slightly less polluting, but still a fossil fuel! Bio-CH 4 - natural renewable energy source to be captured, upgraded and reused! Regional development, sustainable waste treatment solutions etc – time to act !

14. Questions? Peep Pitk Tallinn University of Technology/ Estonian Biogas Association peeppitk@gmail.compeeppitk@gmail.com; +372 55604106