1. Arches of the foot 1- Medial Longitudinal arch.
2- Lateral longitudinal arch.
3- Transverse arch.

2. The Medial Longitudinal Arch
Posterior Pillar: Calcaneus
Top: Talus
Anterior pillar: Navicular, 3 cuniforms, med. 3 metatarsals.
Functions: Distribution of body weight,
2- Protection of soft structures,
3- Shock absorption.
4- Elastic propulsion during walking or running

3. The Medial Longitudinal Arch (cont.)
Factors keeping med. Long. Arch:
1. Ligaments: Spring lig., deltoid lig.,
plantar aponeurosis,
interosseous ligs.,
long & short plantar ligs.
2. Muscles: Tibialis post., tibialis ant.,
flexor hallucis longus,
flexor digitorum longus,
short muscles of the big toe.
3. Bony factor: The shape and constitution
of the bones keep the foot in
the arching position.

4. The Lateral Longitudinal Arch
Posterior Pillar: Calcaneus
Top :
Anterior pillar: Cuboid, lateral 2 metatarsals.
Function: Distribution of body weight,
2- Protection of soft structures,
3- Shock absorption.
4- Support the body weight during standing.

5. The Lateral Longitudinal Arch (cont.)
Factors keeping lat. Long. Arch:
1. Ligaments: plantar aponeurosis,
interosseous ligs.,
long & short plantar ligs.
2. Muscles: Peroneus longus & brevis.
Flexor digitorum longus.
Short muscles of the little
toe.
3. Bony factor: The shape and
constitution of the
bones keep the foot
in the arching position

6. The Transverse Arch Formed by: 1- Bases of the metatarsal bones
2- Cuboid 3- The 3 cuniforms. (incomplete arch)

7. Factors keeping the Transverse Arch:
Bony Factor:
Intermediate and
lateral cuniforms
are wedge- shaped.
2. Ligaments:
Deep transverse lig.
interosseous ligs. (dorsal and planter)
3. Muscles:
- Peroneus longus &
brevis,
- Transverse head of
adductor hallucis,
- Slips of tibialis
posterior

8. Anomalies:
1- Flat foot (pes planus): Rotatation of the calcaneus ----► evertion of the plantar surface, slipping down of the talus and navicular -----► lenthening of the medial longitudinal arch and abduction of the forefoot.
Cause: Excess weight on the medial side of the foot due to malalignment of bones, relaxation of ligaments, or muscular imbalance.
2- Talipes equinovarus: Plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction of the foot.
3- Talipes calcaneovulgus: Dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction
4- Sprain: Tear of the ligaments of the ankle ---►severe disability

9. Thank You
Good Luck