1. Pronoun Case Her smacked he.

2. Determining which form of a pronoun to use is a matter of determining how the pronoun is functioning in the sentence and then putting it in the proper form. Is it a subject? An object? Indicating possession? Subject: Who/what is doing the action? Object: Who/what is being acted upon? (this can be direct or indirect object or the object of a preposition)

3. Finding subjects and objects Her smacked he. Subject: The one doing the action. Verb: The action Object: The one being acted upon.

4. Next… Once you have determined whether a pronoun is functioning as a subject or an object, put it in the proper form. Her smacked he. Becomes… She smacked him. Subject-- Nominative Form Object-- Objective Form

5. Pronoun Forms Nominative or Subjective: Used when pronoun is a subject. Objective: Used when pronoun is an object. Possessive: Used when the pronoun is indicating possession. Reflexive: Used in place of the objective when subject and object are identical.

6. Examples Nominative: Al and I are going to the circus. Objective: The bus will take Al and me to the circus. Possessive: My friend Al is going to the circus. (before noun) That Eggo is mine. (used alone) Reflexive: I brought myself to the circus.

7. Singular Pronoun Forms First Person: (n, o, p n p a, r) I, me, my mine, myself Second Person: You, you, your yours, yourself Third Person: He, him, his his, himself She, her, her hers, herself It, it, its its, itself

8. Plural Pronoun Forms First Person: We, us, our ours, ourselves Second Person: You, you, your yours, yourselves Third Person: They, them, their theirs, themselves

9. Special Cases Interrogative Pronoun: WHO Nominative: Who is going to the circus? Objective: With whom are you going? Possessive: Whose circus is better? (noun) Those pies are whose? (alone) Those pies are whose? (alone)

10. Special Cases Use the possessive form of a pronoun before a gerund. Gerund: Verb ending in –ing that functions as a noun Her juggling is masterful. She didn’t mind my asking about her training.

11. Incomplete Constructions A pronoun following than or as in an incomplete construction is the same case as it would be if the construction were completed. Examples: Inc: Jeff is better at baking than (she, her). Comp: Jeff is better at baking than (she, her) is. Inc: The odor upset me as much as (he, him). Comp: The odor upset me as much as it upset (he, him).

12. Practice Using different pronouns for each, write three sentences for each of the pronoun cases: NominativeObjectivePossessiveReflexive In your sentences be sure to demonstrate your understanding of gerunds and who/whom.