1. Matter Vocabulary Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Solid – state of matter with definite shape and a definite volume – Liquid – state of matter with no definite shape only definite volume – Gas- a state of matter with no definite shape or volume – Plasma- ionized gas Element – a substance consisting of the same atoms that cannot be broken apart any further Compound – A substance that is made up of two or more DIFFERENT atoms Mixture – combination of two or more pure substances (compounds) Homogenous – mixtures that look the same all the way through Heterogeneous – mixtures that do NOT look the same all the way through

2. Periodic Table Vocab Atomic number: the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. This number identifies the atom. Mass number: the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. Mass number = protons + neutrons Valence #: The number of outermost electrons in an atom. Periodic Table: An arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic numbers that demonstrates the periodic patterns that occur among the elements. Period: Elements in a horizontal row on the periodic table Group: Elements in a vertical column on the periodic table; also called a family Metal: An element below and to the left of the stair-step line of metalloids; about 80% of the known elements are metals. Nonmetal: An element above and to the right of the stair-step line of metalloids. Metalloid: An element with properties of both metals and nonmetals located along the stair-step line on the right side of the periodic table.

3. Physical and Chemical Changes Vocab 17 1.Physical Properties- a description; can be observed or measured without changing it Examples: 2.Physical Change – change occurs without changing the identity of the substance Examples: 3.Chemical Properties- a description of matter based on its ability to change into new matter with different properties. These can only be observed during a chemical reaction. Examples: 4.Chemical Change – One or more substances are changed into new substance that have new different properties. Examples:

4. Chemical Reactions Vocab Reactant: The matter you start with in a chemical reaction Product: The matter you end up with after a chemical reaction Precipitate: an insoluble substance that is produced as result of a chemical reaction Law of Conservation of Mass: Matter cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change forms. The mass of the reactants = the mass of the products. Endothermic reaction: A chemical reaction in which heat energy is absorbed. (Gets cold – baking soda and vinegar) Exothermic reaction: A chemical reaction in which heat energy is given off. (Gets hot- Copper Chloride and Aluminum foil

5. Energy Vocabulary 5 1Nonrenewable – natural resources that can not be replaced at the rate at which they were formed. 2Fossil Fuel – (oil/ petroleum, coal, natural gas) take millions of years to form 3Renewable- replaced through natural processes at a rate ≥ the rate at which they are being used. 4Biomass is the burning of organic material (wood, vegetable oil, dung) to produce heat energy 5Solar Thermal- using the heat of the sun for cooking and heating water 6Solar Photovoltaic - convert light energy directly into electricity, commonly known as “solar cells.” 7Hydroelectric- “Hydro – meaning water”, water used to generate electricity typically through a dam