1. Latitude and Longitude

2. Latitude lines run east/west but they measure north or south of the equator (0°) splitting the earth into the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.

3. Latitude North Pole South Pole Lines of latitude are numbered from 0° at the equator to 90° N.L. at the North Pole. Lines of latitude are numbered from 0° at the equator to 90° S.L. at the South Pole. ] [ 90 80 70 60 50 40 20 30 10 90 80 70 60 50 40 20 10 30

4. Latitude The North Pole is at 90° N The South Pole is at 90° S The equator is at 0° latitude. It is neither north nor south. It is at the center between north and south. 40° N is the 40° line of latitude north of the equator. 40° S is the 40° line of latitude south of the equator.

5. Longitude Lines of longitude begin at the Prime Meridian. 60° W is the 60° line of longitude west of the Prime Meridian. The Prime Meridian is located at 0°. It is neither east or west 60° E is the 60° line of longitude east of the Prime Meridian. WE

6. Longitude Lines of longitude are numbered east from the Prime Meridian to the 180° line and west from the Prime Meridian to the 180° line. PRIME MERIDIAN West Longitude East Longitude 180° N EW S North Pole

7. Prime Meridian The Prime Meridian (0°) and the 180° line split the earth into the Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere. Prime Meridian Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere Places located east of the Prime Meridian have an east longitude (E) address. Places located west of the Prime Meridian have a west longitude (W) address.

8. INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE 180° SEPARATES 2 CALENDAR DAYS. America to Asia – gain a day Asia to America – lose a day

9. Weather: the condition of the air at any given time. Climate: the average conditions over an extended period of time. Earth’s Tilt and Rotation The earth is tilted 23.5º on its axis. This tilt causes the seasons because part of the earth it tilted toward, or away from the sun. Areas near the equator are called the tropics. The Tropics are between the equator and 23.5ºN latitude (Tropic of Cancer) and 23.5ºS Latitude (Tropic of Capricorn). These are also called the Low latitudes because the numbers are low.

10. Middle Latitudes are the Temperate areas between the Tropics and the Arctic Circle in the north and the Antarctic Circle in the South. They are between 23.5-66.5°N and S of the Equator High Latitudes are the Polar/Arctic (Antarctic) areas north of the Arctic Circle and South of the Antarctic Circle They are between 66.5-90°N and S of the Equator.

11. 23.5°N 23.5°S 0° 66.5°N 66.5°S 90°S 90°N Low Latitudes Tropics Middle Latitudes Temperate Middle Latitudes Temperate High Latitudes Antarctic (South) High Latitudes Arctic (North)

12. By combining latitude and longitude, any location can be pinpointed

13. A location’s coordinates (____° N or S, ____ ° E or W)

14. Application N W E S North America is in the Northern Hemisphere because it is north of the Equator. North America is in the Western Hemisphere because it is west of the Prime Meridian.

15. Fractions of a Degree 1 degree = 60 minutes or 1 minute is 1/60 th of a degree Use minutes if location is not directly on the latitude/longitude line Written ----- Degree/minute = XX° xx’ compass direction 30’ is half-way between degrees

16. LONGITUDE AND TIME The world rotates (spins) 360° in 24 hours. 360° / 24 hours = 15° per hour The world has 24 time zones, each l5° apart. THERE IS A 1 HOUR TIME DIFFERENCE FOR EVERY 15° OF LONGITUDE

17. Greenwich, England is the logical starting point for time zones The world rotates west to east (counterclockwise), time zones to the east are ahead of the those time zones to the west

18. ANOTHER CHEESY SAYING EAST INCREASE Time is forward to all places to the east WEST LESS Time is backward to all places to the west

19. East Increase – West Less (1 hr per l5°) If it 9 p.m. at Position D, what time is it at position C? Position B? If it is 1 p.m. at Position X, at which location is the time 5 p.m.

20. Earth rotates west to east Solar time is based on the position of the sun NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH Look at the East Coast of the United States. The lights are already lit. California the sun is still visible.

21. This pictures shows AMERICAN CITIES at night.

22. Saguenay Ottawa Sept-Iles Mexico City Québec Montréal St.John Those light are Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Washington. Toronto Detroit Miami Havana Puerto Rico Houston Dallas It’s still daylight in California Thunder Bay Port-au-Prince

23. NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH. Look at Paris and Barcelona, the lights are already lit, meanwhile in London, Lisbon and Madrid the sun is still visible. Looking south, we can see the islands in the middle of the ocean. We have a perfect view of the British Islands, Iceland and Canada.

24. France Spain AFRICA Italy EnglandIceland Atlantic Ocean