1. Ancient Greece and Rome Chapter Two World History Mr. Simmons

2. Early Greek Civilization Mycenae was the first fortified site in Greek civilization. Mycenae was the first fortified site in Greek civilization. Peaked between 1400-1200 BC. Famous for the sack of the city of Troy. Peaked between 1400-1200 BC. Famous for the sack of the city of Troy. Story told by Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey Story told by Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey Epic poems were long and told the story of a hero. Epic poems were long and told the story of a hero.

3. The Polis Defined as the city-state. Defined as the city-state. Meeting place called the acropolis at the top of a hill. Meeting place called the acropolis at the top of a hill. Different forms of government: democracy, oligarchy Different forms of government: democracy, oligarchy Large city-states of Sparta and Athens Large city-states of Sparta and Athens Sparta – oligarchy headed by two kings and council of elders Sparta – oligarchy headed by two kings and council of elders Athens – aristocracy until the reforms of Solon and Cleisthenes Athens – aristocracy until the reforms of Solon and Cleisthenes

4. Classical Greece Period between 500 and 338 BC Period between 500 and 338 BC Pericles and the direct democracy Pericles and the direct democracy Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta started in 431 BC Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta started in 431 BC Weakened Greek city-states 27 years of civil war Weakened Greek city-states 27 years of civil war Period of intellectual and cultural growth. Period of intellectual and cultural growth. Philosophy – Socrates – Socratic Method; Plato – Republic, Academy ; Aristotle - government Philosophy – Socrates – Socratic Method; Plato – Republic, Academy ; Aristotle - government

5. Discussion What kind of democracy does America have? What kind of democracy does America have?

6. Classical Greece (cont.) Greek Architecture Greek Architecture Dramas and Tragedies Dramas and Tragedies Aeschylus - Oresteia Aeschylus - Oresteia

7. Alexander and Hellenistic Era The Great Peloponnesian War – weakened Greek city-states The Great Peloponnesian War – weakened Greek city-states Greece united under Macedonia (Phillip II) Greece united under Macedonia (Phillip II) Alexander the Great – conquered Persia in 331BC. Alexander the Great – conquered Persia in 331BC. Expansion of Greek culture Expansion of Greek culture

8. Roman Empire Roman Republic (509 BC) Roman Republic (509 BC) War with Carthage (Hannibal) War with Carthage (Hannibal) Rome had two groups: patricians –ruling class and plebeians – merchants Rome had two groups: patricians –ruling class and plebeians – merchants Plebeians fight for social equality Plebeians fight for social equality Who can be compared to Plebeians in American society? Who can be compared to Plebeians in American society?

9. Roman Empire Julius Caesar ruled from 82-31BC. Julius Caesar ruled from 82-31BC. Octavian received title of Augustus – “the revered one” emperor Octavian received title of Augustus – “the revered one” emperor Five good emporers: Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninius Pius, Marcus Aurelius Five good emporers: Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninius Pius, Marcus Aurelius Pax Romana – Roman Peace Pax Romana – Roman Peace Roman system of Law – Law of Nations Roman system of Law – Law of Nations Roman Architecture – dome, arch, vault (concrete) Roman Architecture – dome, arch, vault (concrete)

10. Rise of Christianity Jesus taught the “golden rule” Jesus taught the “golden rule” Pontius Pilate ordered Jesus crucified Pontius Pilate ordered Jesus crucified Simon Peter and Paul spread the gospel of Jesus Simon Peter and Paul spread the gospel of Jesus Roman Persecution (Nero 54-68 AD) Roman Persecution (Nero 54-68 AD) Constantine – Edict of Milan – toleration of Christianity Constantine – Edict of Milan – toleration of Christianity Diocletian split the empire into east and west each having two rulers Diocletian split the empire into east and west each having two rulers

11. Decline Two capitals Rome in the West, Constantinople in the East Two capitals Rome in the West, Constantinople in the East Attacks from Huns, Visigoths Attacks from Huns, Visigoths 455 AD vandals sacked Rome 455 AD vandals sacked Rome Why do you think the Roman Empire collapsed and could the same thing happen to a modern nation? Why do you think the Roman Empire collapsed and could the same thing happen to a modern nation?