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Greeks&Romans Chapter Four. Greece  Origins of Greek civilization  City-states  Pericles  Indo-European people took over the Greek peninsula by 1700.

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Presentation on theme: "Greeks&Romans Chapter Four. Greece  Origins of Greek civilization  City-states  Pericles  Indo-European people took over the Greek peninsula by 1700."— Presentation transcript:

1 Greeks&Romans Chapter Four

2 Greece  Origins of Greek civilization  City-states  Pericles  Indo-European people took over the Greek peninsula by 1700 B.C.E.  By 600 B.C.E. Greek civilization rose to prominence rapidly w/ strong city-states  Each city-state had its own govt, typically either  a tyranny of one or a few rulers  Or an aristocratic council  Citizenship  Polis – city state  Demos - the people  Sparta - strong military aristocracy  Athens - more diverse commercial state that was proud of its artistic and intellectual leadership  Pericles - democratic political structure where each citizen could participate in govt  Political decline soon set in for the city-states as Athens and Sparta vied for control of Greece during the Peloponnesian Wars

3 Greek city-states

4 Greek Culture  Pantheon  Greek Gods - Zeus, Apollo, Neptune, Mars, Venus  Literature  Sappho  Sophocles  Iliad, Odyssey

5 Greece Continued  Alexander the Great  Hellenistic Age -Philip II of Macedon conquered Greece -his son Alexander the Great took over & extended the Macedonian Empire throughout the Middle East and Egypt -Conquered & established colonies for trade  merging of Greek art and culture with other Middle Eastern forms and had influence well beyond the end of the empire

6 Alexander’s Empire and the Hellenistic World c. 323 B.C.E.

7 Rome  Punic Wars  Julius Caesar  Augustus  800 BCE – started as a monarchy in central Italy  509 BCE - Aristocrats kicked out the monarchy  Law codes - 12 Tables, by 450 B.C.E.  Roman influence widened during the three Punic Wars (264 to 146 B.C.E.) - Rome fought and defeated the armies of the Phoenician city of Carthage led by Hannibal.  45 B.C.E. Julius Caesar  First lifetime dictator (emperor)  Power of Senate decreased  Augustus Caesar, seized power in 27 B.C.E.  reestablished Constitution  Senate  pax Romana

8 Roman Coliseum Ruins of the Roman Senate

9 Roman Empire

10 The Expansion of the Roman Empire, 133 B.C.E.

11 Roman Economy & Society  Agriculture  poor soils  market farms  Trade  grain  luxuries  Society  slavery  family

12 Rome  Pax Romana  476 CE  Christianity  Constantine  Pax Romana - 200 years of peace and prosperity to the entire Mediterranean world  The empire suffered a slow fall that lasted about 250 years; generals sought greater power & poor citizens in cities rebelled  Invading peoples from north conquered Roman Empire in 476 C.E.  Christianity became official religion of Roman Empire b/c numbers of Christians had increased & Christians refused to place the state (nation) above their God

13 Legacies of Greece & Rome  The greatest political legacies of the Mediterranean cultures were  No single Greek political style, but democracy is the most famous.  Classical Mediterranean political theory involved:  ethics  duties of citizens  skills, such as oratory.  an intense loyalty to the state, a preference for aristocratic rule, and the development of a uniform set of legal principles.  Governments supported an official religion, but tolerance of other faiths was the norm

14 Religion and Culture ReligionPhilosophySciences  Several religions - complex set of gods and goddesses who were seen as regulating human life  Models of moral philosophy were developed, by such men as Aristotle and Cicero, who like Confucius, taught the importance of moderation and balance in human behavior  Socrates taught followers to question using rational inquiry  Greek advanced in geometry and anatomy  Greatest Roman contribution to the sciences - engineering  In the arts and literature, the Greeks had few equals, particularly in sculpture, architecture, and plays.  The Romans mimicked but rarely surpassed the Greek innovators in these fields.


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