1. Standard 7.1.1 take-home assessment
DO NOW: COPY HW ASSIGNMENT INTO
AGENDA
COPY ASSIGNMENT DETAILS
INTO COMPOSITION BOOK
Letter to Emperor
Standard take-home assessment

2. Assignment Details
Remember our Letter to the Emperor assignment where you wrote about the most serious problem facing the Roman Empire?
Tonight’s homework is to expand on that assignment in a formal assignment.
Choose at least two (2) problems facing the Roman Empire during the 4th and 5th centuries AD (300s-400s AD).
In a letter to the Roman Emperor, describe why you think these were the most serious problems facing the Roman Empire. Then, offer thoughtful solutions to these problems.

3. Letter to emperor final (COPY INTO CB)
R = Role: Concerned citizen of Rome
A = Audience: Emperor of the Roman Empire
F = Format: Formal Letter
T = Topic: At least 2 serious problems threatening the Empire and how we might be able to fix them
Minimum 2 paragraphs (1st = problems, 2nd = solutions)
TYPED OR VERY NEATLY WRITTEN on separate sheet of paper (NOT IN COMPOSITION BOOK!)

4. R.A.F.T. Rubric (Copy into composition book)
At least 2 problems clearly stated: __/1
Each problem presented has support for why it is a serious problem (EVIDENCE) __/2
Student offers thoughtful solutions to problems __/2
Sentences used are student’s own words __/2
Proper grammar/spelling (at least 70%) __/1
Total: __/8

5. Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empire
9/4/12 CORNELL NOTES
Thanks to Mr. Banh for his awesome website

6. Video Questions: Inside Byzantium
What religions or cultures did the Byzantine Empire borrow from?
What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
What was the Hagia Sophia?
What made the Byzantine Empire so wealthy and powerful?
What country was later influenced by the Byzantine Empire?
Why did the Byzantine Empire weaken starting in the 7th century?
Who defeated the Byzantine Empire and when?

7. THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE
The Byzantine (or Eastern Roman) Empire
Eastern Roman Empire  Byzantine Empire
“Byzantine” – from city of Byzantium
Renamed Constantinople by Constantine (300’s)
Later renamed Istanbul by Turks (after 1453)
Official language: Greek
Religion: Orthodox Christianity
Culture: blend of Greek, Roman, Persian

8. THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE
Diocletian: Reforms ( A.D.)
Political:
Increased size of military AND civil government in response to barbarian threats
Empire Division = to fix problem of succession
2 Emperors (West and East) Caesars (Like Assistants) rulers (Tetrarchy)
Economic: Tried making new coins -BACKFIRED: caused inflation: not enough gold to back up new money
Religious persecution against Christians
Social: made certain jobs (e.g. farmer, soldier, etc.) hereditary b/c of their importance to Roman Empire

9. THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE
Diocletian’s Legacy
Later life:
Retired after 21 years of being emperor
One of the few Roman emperors (after the end of the Pax Romana) to die peacefully
Reforms: made with good intentions, but failed
Tetrarchy:
Collapsed after Diocletian’s retirement
Civil war broke out & lasted until Constantine the Great reunited both halves of the Roman Empire in ~330 AD

10. THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE
Constantine (ruled ~ A.D.)
Reunited Roman Empire under his own rule
First Christian Emperor & stopped persecuting Christians
Moved capital to Constantinople
Passed reforms in Roman Empire
New, more stable money (the solidus)
Reorganized government & military
Video 1:25-8:45

11. Constantinople

12. THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE
Constantinople
New capital of Empire founded by Constantine because it was…
Easier to defend
Located along many trade routes
Formerly known as Byzantium
Currently known as Istanbul

13. THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE
Theodosius ( AD)
Last emperor to “officially” rule over both halves of Roman Empire
Split empire (yes, again) between sons upon death
Because of political fighting and barbarian threats
Made Christianity official religion of Roman Empire
Passed laws against pagan (i.e. non-Christian) religions
Was even made a saint in Orthodox Christianity

14. Fall of the western roman empire
Odoacer (Germanic general) sacks Rome, = King of Italy in 476 A.D.
EASTERN ROMAN Empire: - Loses most of Western provinces - Continues in East until 1453 A.D. -Constantinople = “New Rome”  BYZANTINE EMPIRE

15. THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE Justinian (527-565 AD)
Re-conquers some of the lost Western Provinces
Public Works/Hagia Sophia
Bankrupts the empire but makes it great

16. THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE BECOMES SMALLER TERRITORILY, BUT MORE INTEGRATED AND STRONG
The Byzantine Empire shrinks ( AD)
…And rises again The Macedonian Dynasty ( )
Weak Emperors
Conflicts with Arabs, Russians, Persians, Venetians
Iconoclasm
“Golden Age” Resurgence (rising/strengthening)
Competent emperors, influences Russia

17. …and begins to fall {Slowly}
The Crusades ( AD)
A series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims over access to The Holy Land (Jerusalem, in the Middle East  Arabian Peninsula)

18. The Byzantine Empire’s slow decline

19. The Ottoman Turks

20. Byzantine Empire Surrounded by 1450

21. Fall of the byzantine Empire
Fall of Constantinople (1453)
Legacy of Byzantine Empire
Mehmed II & Ottoman Turks laid siege to city
Broke through walls using cannons
Constantine XI (last Byzantine Emperor) died defending city
Buffer: Protected Western Europe from eastern invaders [for a time]
Influences on art, architecture, & religion still seen today

22. Exit slip Copy the following rubric onto your exit slip paper.
Summarize what you learned about the Byzantine Empire on a half sheet of paper. Use these terms:
Rubric:
Body of summary supports a clear topic __/1
Only necessary information in summary __/1
Sentences used are student’s own words __/1
Proper grammar/spelling __/1
Total: __/4