1. Residential ethnic segregation for age cohorts in England and Wales, 1991-2001 albert.sabater@manchester.ac.uk Centre for Census and Survey Research (CCSR) BURISA/UPTAP joint workshop City Hall, London, 26 September 2008 Understanding Population Trends and Processes

2. Background Extensive literature on segregation, also in relationship with employment, education, … (Burgess, 1928; Massey and Denton, 1988; Danzinger and Holzer, 2000; Orfield, 2001; Bullard, 1983;...) Also segregation and the demographic processes following immigration (Peach, 1996; Finney and Simpson, 2008; Domingo and Bayona, 2007) Residential segregation across life-stages?

3. Objective Analyse the change in ethnic residential segregation across life-stages (represented by age cohorts)

4. Research questions 1.Is segregation greater at some life-stages than at other? 2.Does the life-pattern of segregation differ between ethnic groups?

5. A common measure Index of Dissimilarity (ID) (an uneven geographical spread) 0 Low 100 High

6. Complete mid-91 and mid-01 population estimates for small areas, including adjustments for: 1.Population definition (1991 students at term-time) 2.Non-response not included in census output 3.Consistent individual ages (for all ethnic groups) 4.Harmonisation of geographical units www.ccsr.ac.uk/research/PopulationEstimates.htm Data

7. Segregation by age cohorts England and Wales (across wards)

8. Change in segregation (ID): 0-6 in 1991 and ten years later London Boroughs (across wards) Black CaribbeanBlack African Waltham Forest: 18.3 (1991) to 19.9 (2001) Islington: 10.0 (1991) to 12.2 (2001) Newham: 14.6 (1991) to 18.7 (2001) Lewisham: 12.2 (1991) to 15.0 (2001) Sutton: 20.9 (1991) to 24.7 (2001) Croydon: 36.3 (1991) to 37.6 (2001)

9. Segregation by age cohorts 0-6 10-16 1991 2001... 47-56 57-66 17-26 27-36...

10. Phase 1 Phase 2Phase 3 Change in segregation (ID) across life-stages, 1991-2001 England and Wales (across wards)

11. Change in segregation (ID) across life-stages, 1991-2001 England and Wales (across districts)

12. -Results can be affected by differential mortality and international migration (perhaps the latter much more important) -Such effects can be particularly hard to disentagle in local areas (with people moving in or out of the area) Limitations

13. -Useful to highlight that segregation is generally greater during the middle adulthood phase -Useful to observe how the life-pattern of segregation does not differ significantly between ethnic groups Advantages

14. The use of segregation measures (eg Index of Dissimilarity) with an age cohort dimension can be used as a new window to look at residential patterns of ethnic segregation The approach can be further refined and used in a wider context: -Settlement and distribution patterns of different groups over time/space -Population movement at different life-stages, age migration schedules -... Conclusions

15. Data www.ccsr.ac.uk/research/PopulationEstimates.htm Project www.ccsr.ac.uk/staff/asabater.htm More information