2. MS = currency + DD of Public
Banks and the Public
RR+ER=TR; TR-RR=ER; TR-ER=RR; M x ER=PMC; PMC(Public)+1st DD=TMS; PMC(Fed)=TMS
Banks & Public (all DD of Public are subject to the RR; rest is ER & can be loaned out)
1. No ER & RR is 20%; DD of $10 M is made in the Thunder Bank. MS is
$_____M. ER increase by $____M. Potential Money Creation in the
banking system is $_____M. Potential TMS is $____million.
2. There are no ER & RR is 25% & $16,000 is deposited in the Duck Bank. MS is
$_______. This one bank can increase its loans by a maximum of
$_______. Potential Money Creation in the banking system is $_________.
Potential Total Money Supply could be $__________.
3. Econ Bank has ER of $5,000; DD are $100,000; RR is 25%. TR are $_______.
4. DD are $10,000; ER are $1,000; TR are $3,000; RR are _________. [TR-ER=RR].
5. Nomics Bank has ER of $10,000; DD of $100,000; RR of 40%. TR are $_________.
With ER above, Potential Money Creation in the banking system is $__________.
6. Friar Bank has DD of $100,000; RR is 20%; RR & ER are equal. TR are $________.
7. If ER in a bank are $10,000; DD are $200,000, & the RR are 10%. TR are $_______.
8. No ER & RR is 25%. DD of $100,000 is made. MS is $_______. This single bank can
increase its loans by $______. PMC in the system is $________. TMS is $_________.
MS = currency + DD of Public 10 8 40 50
16,000
12,000
48,000
64,000
30,000
$2,000
$50,000
25,000
40,000
30,000
100,000
75,000
300,000
400,000

3. Banks and the Fed 50 million 10 50 million 50,000 250,000 250,000 10
[RR+ER=TR; TR-RR=ER; TR-ER=RR; MxER=PMC; PMC(Public)+1st DD=TMS; PMC(Fed)=TMS]
MS = Currency + DD of Public
[Money borrowed from the Fed [or gained thru bond sales] is ER & can be loaned out]
9. RR is 25%; Econ Bank borrows $25,000 from the Fed; its ER are increased by
$______. Potential Money Creation in the system is $_______. Potential TMS is $_______.
10. RR is 50%; a bank borrows $20,000 from the Fed; this one bank’s ER are increased
by $_____. Potential Money Creation in the system is $______. Potential TMS is $______
11. RR is 20%; the Duck Bank sells $10 M of bonds to the Fed; Duck Bank’s ER are
increased by $______mil. PMC in the system is $___________. TMS is $__________.
12. RR is 20%; Fed buys $50,000 of securities from Keynes Bank. Its ER are
increased by $___________. Potential Money Creation in the banking system is
$______________. Potential TMS is $______________.
13. 25% RR; Fed buys $400 million of bonds from the Friar Bank. This one
bank’s ER are increased by $_______million.
14. RR is 50%; the Fed sells $200 million of bonds to a bank; its ER are
(increased/decreased) by $_______. Potential Money Creation in the
banking system is (increased/decreased) by $________.
15. RR is 10%; a bank borrows $10 million from the Fed; this one bank’s
ER are increased by $_______ million. PMC in the banking system is
$_______million. Potential TMS is $_______million.
25,000
100,000
100,000
20,000
40,000
40,000 10
50 million
50 million
50,000
250,000
250,000
400
200 M
400 M 10
100
100

4. Fed and the Public $5 M $4 M $20 M $25 M $50 M $45 M $450 M $500 M
[RR+ER=TR; TR-RR=ER; TR-ER=RR; MxER=PMC; PMC(Public)+1st DD=TMS; PMC(Fed)=TMS]
MS = Currency + DD of the Public
[When Fed buys securities from Public, they will put the money in their DD]
16. RR is 50%; Fed buys $10 M of bonds from the Public. MS is increased by _______.
ER are increased by ____. PMC in the system is _______. Potential TMS is _______.
17. RR is 25%; Fed buys $100 M of bonds from the Public. The MS is increased _______.
ER are increased by ______. PMC in the system is _______. Potential TMS is ________.
18. RR is 50%; Fed sells $200 M of bonds to the Public. The MS is (incr/decr) by
__________. ER are (incr/decr) by _________. PMC in the banking system is
(increased/decreased) by _______. Potential TMS is (incr/decr) by _______.
19. RR is 20%; Fed buys $5 million of securities from the Public. The MS
is increased by _______. ER are increased by _______. Potential Money
Creation in the banking system is _______. Potential TMS is _________.
20. RR is 10%; Fed buys $50 million of bonds from the Public. The MS is
increased by _______. ER are increased by _______. PMC in the banking
system is __________. Potential Total Money Supply is __________.
$10 M
$5 M
$10 M
$20 M
$100 M
$75 M
$300 M
$400 M
$200 M
$100 M
$200 M
$400 M
$5 M
$4 M
$20 M
$25 M
$50 M
$45 M
$450 M
$500 M

5. Commercial Banks Fed Public
Practice Money Quiz [MS=Curr. + DD of Public]
[RR+ER=TR; TR-RR=ER; TR-ER=RR; MxER=PMC; PMC(Public)+1stDD=TMS; PMC(Fed)=TMS]
1. The Brown Bank [with no ER] borrows $100,000 from the Fed. With a RR of 50%
the Brown Bank can increase its loans by a maximum of __________. PMC in the
banking system is __________. Potential TMS is ______________.
2. The Tyll Bank has DD of $10,000; RR is 10%; RR & ER are equal. TR are _______.
3. RR is 20%; Fed buys $50,000 of securities from the public. Possible Money
Creation in the banking system is __________. Potential TMS is ____________.
4. RR is 40%; Ray Bank borrows $1 million from the Fed. This bank can increase
its loans by a maximum of __________. PMC is __________. TMS is __________.
5. RR is 10% & there are no ER; $10,000 is deposited in the Alvarado Bank.
This bank can increase its loans by a maximum of __________. Possible Money
Creation in the banking system is ___________. Potential TMs is _____________.
6. There are no ER in the Clark Bank. Nicole now deposits $ With
a RR of 20%, PMC in the system is __________. Potential TMs is ___________.
7. The Cochran Bank has a RR of 50%; the Fed buys $50 million of bonds from
this bank. PMC in the system is __________. Potential TMS is __________.
8. Riley Bank has ER of $50,000; DD of $100,000, & a RR of 20%. TR are ________.
9. RR is 40%; the Collins Bank borrows $10 million from the Fed. This bank’s ER
are increased by _________. PMC is __________. Potential TMS is ___________.
10. RR is 10%; Joseph Bank borrows $5 from the Fed; the Joseph Bank’s ER
are increased by _______. PMC is __________. Potential TMS is __________.
Commercial Banks Fed Public
$100,000
$200,000
$200,000
$2,000
$200,000
$250,000
$1 mil.
$2.5 mil.
$2.5 M
$9,000
$90,000
$100,000
$40.00
$50.00
$100 M
$100 M
$70,000
$10 M
$25 M
$25 M
$5.00
$50.00
$50.00

6. Banks Fed Public Money Quiz 1 [MS = Curr. + DD of Public] $10.00
[RR+ER=TR; TR-RR=ER; TR=ER=RR; MxER=PMC; PMC(Public)+1st DD=PMC; PMC(Fed)=PMC]
1. RR is 25% & the Rostro Bank has no ER. Suzy deposits(DD) $100,000 there. This
bank can increase its loans by a maximum of ______. PMC is ______. TMS is _______.
2. RR is 50%; the Tuason Bank borrows $100,000 from the Fed. This one bank can
increase its loans by a maximum of _______. PMC is _______. TMS is _______.
3. RR is 25%; Fed buys $100,000 of securities from the public.
Potential Money Creation in the system is _______. Potential TMS is _________.
4. The Volante Bank has DD of $200,000; RR is 10%; RR & ER are equal. TR are _______.
5. The Luu Bank, with no ER, borrows $200,000 from the Fed. With a RR of 10%,
this bank can increase its loans by _________. PMC in the system is __________.
6. RR are 20%; the Gohsman Bank borrows $1 from the Fed; this bank can increase
its loans by a maximum of _________. PMC in the banking system is __________.
7. RR is 50%; the Alvarado Bank borrows $1 million from the Fed; this bank’s ER
are increased by _______. PMC in the system is __________. TMS is __________.
8. The Tyll Bank has ER of $20,000; DD of $200,000, & a RR of 10%. TR are _____.
9. RR is 25%; Fed buys $100 million of bonds from the Brown Bank. Potential
Money creation in the banking system is ________. Potential TMS is _________.
10. There are no ER in the Clark Bank. Lou deposits $2.50. With RR of 20%,
PMC in the banking system is ____________. Potential TMS is _____________.
Banks Fed Public
$100,000
$75,000
$300,000
$400,000
$100,000
$200,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$40,000
$200,000
$2 million
$1.00
$5.00
$1 mil.
$2 mil.
$2 mil.
$40,000
$400 mil.
$400 mil
$10.00
$12.50

7. Commercial Banks Fed Public
Money Quiz 2 [MS = Curr. + DD of Public]
[RR+ER=TR; TR-RR=ER; TR-ER=RR; MxER=PMC;PMC(Public)+1st DD=TMS; PMC(Fed)=TMS]
1. RR is 5% & there are no ER in the Cochran Bank. LuLu deposits[DD] $1.00
there. This one bank can increase its loans by a maximum of _______.
2. RR is 25%; the Collins Bank borrows $1 million from the Fed.
This one bank can increase its loans by a maximum of ____________.
3. RR is 50%; the Fed buys $100,000 of securities from the public.
Potential Money Creation in the banking system is ____________.
4. The Joseph Bank has DD of $400,000; RR is 10%; RR & ER are equal.
TR are ____________.
5. The Ray Bank , with no ER, borrows $500,000 from the Fed. With a RR
of 10%, how much can this single bank increase its loans? ____________
6. RR are 20%; the Fed buys $25,000 of securities from the public. Potential
Money Creation in the banking system is ____________.
7. RR is 20%; the Riley Bank borrows $1 million from the Fed.
This single bank’s ER are increased by ____________.
8. RR is 25%; Fed buys $200 million of securities from the public.
Potential Total Money Supply[TMS] could be as much as ____________.
9. The RR is 25% & the Fed buys $10 million of bonds from the Rostro Bank.
Potential Money Creation in the banking system could be ____________.
10. There are no excess reserves in the Tuason Bank. With RR of 50%, Angela
deposits [DD] $50.00 there. Potential Money Creation in the system is _______.
Commercial Banks Fed Public
.95
$1 million
$100,000
$80,000
$500,000
$100,000
$1 million
$800 million.
$40 million
$50.00

8. NS 48-58 (MS = DD + Currency of Public)
48. The 3 tools of monetary policy are open market operations,
changes in RR, & (changes in T/changes in G/ changes in discount rate).
49. The main tool of the Fed in regulating the MS is (open-market operations/DR/RR).
50. When the Fed[$$] sells securities to the PUBLIC[T-bills], DD
(don’t change/incr/decr) & banking system RR, ER & TR (incr/decr).
51. When the Fed[T-bills] buys securities from commercial banks[$$],
DD (don’t change/increase/decrease) & ER and TR (increase/decrease).
52. When the commercial banking system[$$] borrows from the Fed,
DD (don’t change/increase/decrease) but ER & TR (incr/decr).
53. When commercial banks[$$] sell government securities to the Fed[T-bills],
DD (don’t change/incr/decr) but their ER & TR (do not change/incr/decr).
54. When the PUBLIC[T-bills] buys securities from the Fed[$$], DD
(don’t change/incr/decr) and RR, ER, & TR of banks (don’t change/incr/decr).
55. When a commercial bank gets a loan from the Fed, their lending ability (incr/decr).
56. Assume that the RR is 25% & the Thunder Bank borrows $100,000 from the
Fed., commercial bank ERs are increased $________. PMC in the banking
system are increased by $_______. TMS can be as much as $________.
57. The (margin requirement/discount rate) specifies the
size of the down payment on stock purchases.
58. If the Fed were to increase the RR [10% to 20%] we would expect
(higher/lower) interest rates, a (reduced/expanded) GDP and
(appreciation/depreciation) of the dollar. [less “C”, “Ig”, & “Xn”]
100,000
400,000
400,000

9. 59. When the RR is increased [10% to 50%], the ER of member banks
are (increased/decreased) and the monetary multiplier is (incr/decr).
60. Assume the RR is 25% and the Fed buys $4 M of bonds from the
public. The MS is increased by ($3/$4/) million and the PMC
is increased by ($16/$12) M. Potential TMS is ($3/$4/$12/$16) M.
61. When the Fed lends to commercial banks, this is called the
(Fed Funds Rate/discount rate) and when commercial banks make
loans to one another, this is the (Fed Funds Rate/ Discount Rate).
62. The Keynesian cause-effect chain of an easy money policy would
be to (buy/sell) bonds; which would (increase/decrease) the MS,
which would (lower/raise) interest rates & (incr/decr) Ig, “C”, Xn, & Y.
63. If the Fed were to buy government securities in the open market,
we would anticipate (lower/higher) interest rates, an (expanded/contracted)
GDP, and (appreciation/depreciation) of the dollar.
64. If the Fed were reducing demand-pull inflation, the proper policies
would be (lower/raise) the discount rate, (lower/raise) the RR and
((buy/sell) government bonds.
65. Monetary policy is thought to be more effective in (controlling inflation/
fighting depressions) and fiscal is more effective (controlling inflation/
fighting depressions).
66.The “net export effect” of an “easy” money policy (strengthens/
weakens) that policy, while the “net export effect” of “expansionary”
fiscal policy (strengthens/weakens) that policy. [impact of interest rates]
NS 57-66

10. NS 67-70 DI YI AD3 AD2 AD1 AS Dm RDO
MS1
MS2
MS3
AD2
I=$70
AD1 AS 9% 6% 3% 9% 6% 3%
I=$50]
I=$60
PL3
PL2
PL1 Dm
YR Y* YI $
$50 $60
$70
QID
RDO
Money Market
Investment Demand
67. If AD is AD3, what must the Fed do to get to AD2(FE GDP [Y*])?
(increase/decrease) the MS from ($120/$140) to ($100/$120).
68. If the MS is MS1, & the goal of the Fed is FE GDP[Y*], they should
(increase/decrease) the MS from ($100/$120) to ($120/$140).
69. Which of the following would shift the MS curve from MS3 to MS2?
(buying/selling) bonds.
70. If the MS is MS2 and the goal of the Fed is FE GDP of Y*, they should
(increase/decrease/don’t change) the Ms.

11. NS 71-72
71. An easy money policy will (apprec/deprec) the dollar & (incr/decr) U.S. Xn.
A tight money policy will (apprec/deprec) the dollar & (incr/decr) U.S. Xn.
72. If the economy were in a severe recession, proper monetary policy would call
for (lowering/raising) the discount rate, (lowering/raising) the RR, & (buying/selling)
bonds. Proper fiscal policy would be to (incr/decr) “G” & (incr/decr) “T”, both of
which would result in a bugetary (deficit/surplus).

12. Money, Banking, & Fed Test Review 1-8
1. If your bank borrows $50,000 from the Fed, does this automatically
increase the MS? _____ Does this loan increase the amount in RR?_____
ER? ____ With 10% RR, PMC is __________. TMS is __________.
2. If the RR is 50% & the Fed buys $100 mil. of securities from the public,
then: MS is increased by ________. PMC is _________. TMS is ________.
3. What will cause the Dt(& total demand) for money curve to shift right?
(increase/decrease) in nominal (money) Y?
4. When the Fed buys bonds from banks [or gives them a loan], DD are
(incr/decr/ unchanged) but their ER & TR both (incr/decr/unchanged).
5. If the Fed buys $10 million of securities from the public, with a RR of
40%, MS is increased by ________ & PMC is _________. TMS is ________.
6. If the Fed decreased the RR from 20% to 10%, we would expect
(higher/lower) interest rates, (appreciation/depreciation) of the dollar, and an
(increase/decrease) in GDP.
7. DD of $100,000 and RR of 25% in a commercial banking system with
TR of $40,000. PMC in the banking system is ($240,000/$60,000).
8. If you are estimating your expenses for the prom at $3,000, money is
functioning as (unit of account/medium of exchange/store of value). No No
Yes
$500,000
$500,000
$100 mil.
$200 mil.
$100 mil.
$25 mil.
$10 mil.
$15 mil.

13. TR 11-14 MS = Currency + DD of Public
RR is 20% Assets DD(Liabilities)
TR[RR+ER]=$20 mil. $100 million
11. How much can this bank loan out? $______
12. If Pam Anderson puts $1,000 in this
bank(DD),ER will increase by $_______.
13. Possible Money Creation in the system could be $________.
14. Potential Total Money Supply could be as much as $_________.
800
4,000
5,000

14. TR 11-14 MS = Currency + DD of Public
RR is 20% Assets DD(Liabilities)
TR[RR+ER] = $20 mil. $100 million
11. How much can Pam’s bank loan out? $______
12. If Pam Anderson’s Bank borrows $1,000 from the Fed
ER will increase by $_______.
13. Possible Money Creation in the system could be $_______.
14. Potential Total Money Supply could be as much as $________.
TR MS = Currency + DD of Public
1,000
Pam Anderson’s Bank
Fed
5,000
5,000

15. RR is 50% Assets DD(Liabilities) TR[RR+ER]=$50 mil. $100 million
1. How much can this bank loan out? $______
2. If Cameron Diaz puts $5,000 in this bank(DD),
ER will increase by $_______.
3. Possible Money Creation in the system could be $________.
4. Potential Total Money Supply could be as much as $_________.
Extra Practice MS = Currency + DD of public
2,500
Cameron fell in March, 2005 and had to have
19 stitches in her head but she is OK now.
5,000
10,000

16. Extra Practice MS = Currency + DD of Public
RR is 50% Assets DD(Liabilities)
TR[RR+ER] = $50 mil. $100 million
11. How much can Cameron’s bank loan out? $______
12. If Cameron Diaz’s Bank borrows $5,000 from the Fed
ER will increase by $_______.
13. Possible Money Creation in the system could be $________.
14. Potential Total Money Supply could be as much as $________.
Extra Practice MS = Currency + DD of Public
5,000
Cameron Diaz’s Bank
Fed
10,000
10,000

17. Test Review 15-19 DI YI AD3 AD2 AD1 AS Dm RDO
MS1
MS2
MS3
AD2
I=$70
AD1 AS 9% 6% 3% 9% 6% 3%
I=$50]
I=$60
PL3
PL2
PL1 Dm
YR Y* YI $
$50 $60
$70
QID
RDO
Money Market
Investment Demand
15. If the goal is F.E., & the interest rate is 9%, a(an) (recess/
inflat) gap exists, the Fed should (incr/decr) the in. rate.
16. If the interest rate is 3%, a(an) (recess/inflat) gap exists,
the Fed should (increase/decrease) the interest rate.
17. If the interest rate is 6%, the Fed should (incr/decr/do nothing)
to the interest rate.
18. To reduce inflation, the Fed should (lower, lower, buy/raise, raise, sell)
19. To get out of a recession, the Fed should (lower, lower, buy/raise, raise, sell)

18. Additional Practice on Money Creation
1. If the RR is 40% and the Fed buys $100 M of bonds from
the public, then the MS is increased by _______. ER are
increased by ______. PMC is _______. TMS would be ______.
2. RR is 50% and the Bishop Bank borrows $100 M from the
Fed. As a result, RR are increased by ______. ER is increased
by _______. PMC and TMS is increased by ________.
3. Your bank has DD of $400,000 and the RR is 25%. If RR
and ER are equal, then TR are _______.
4. The Duck Bank has ER of $60,000 & DD is $200,000. If the
RR is 20%, TR are _________.
5. RR is 20% & the Fed buys $50 million of bonds from the
public. The MS is increased by _______. ER are increased
by _______. PMC is _______. TMS would be _________.
$100 M
$60 M
$150 M
$250 M
$100 M
$200 M
$200,000
$100,000
$50 M
$40 M
$200 M
$250 M
Banks Public Fed

19. Hard Money Quizes Coming Up

20. Quiz 4 Commercial Bank Fed Public
Answ: 1. $ $80, $24, $4 mil. 5. $40 mil.
6. $150 mil $40 mil. 8. $100 bil $50 mil $600.00
Quiz 4 Commercial Bank Fed Public
RR are 10% & there are no ER in the Riley Bank. Matt
deposits (DD) $ there. This one bank can increase
its loans by a maximum of $______.
2. RR are 20%; the Rostro Bank borrows $80,000 from the Fed.
This one bank can increase its loans by a maximum of $___.
3. RR are 25%; the Fed buys $8,000 of securities from the Public.
Potential Money Creation in the banking system could be $____.
4. The Tuason Bank has DD of $10 million;
RR are 20%; RR & ER are equal. TR are $_____.
5. The Tyll Bank, with no ER, borrows $20 M from the Fed.
With a RR of 50%, PMC in the banking system could be $___.
6. RR are 40%; the Fed buys $100 M of securities from the Public.
7. RR are 50%; the Volante Bank borrows $40 M from the Fed;
this single bank’s ER are increased by $_______.
8. RR are 50%; Fed buys $50 billion of securities from the Public.
Potential Total Money Supply (TMS) could be as much as $____.
9. The RR is 40% & the Fed buys $20 M of bonds from a bank.
Potential Money Creation in the banking system is $_____.
10. No ER in a bank & RR is 25%. DD of $200 is made. PMC is $__

21. Quiz 5 Commercial Bank Fed Public
Answ: 1. $ $1 mil. 3. $250, $200, $200,000
6. $60, $150 mil. 8. $800 mil $160 mil $500.00
RR are 50% & there are no ER in a Bank. Suzy deposits (DD)
$10.00 there. This one bank can increase its loans by ?____.
2. RR are 50%; the Luu Bank borrows $1 mil. from the Fed.
This bank can increase its loans by a maximum of of $_____.
3. RR are 40%; the Fed buys $100,000 of securities from the Public.
Potential Total Money Supply could be as much as $______.
4. The Gohsman Bank has DD of $400,000 and RR is 25%.
RR & ER are equal. Total Reserves are $_____.
5. The Alvarado Bank, with no ER, borrows $200,000 from the Fed.
With RR of 40%, this one bank can increase its loans by $__.
6. RR are 50%; the Fed buys $60,000 of securities from the Public.
Potential Money Creation in the banking system is $_____.
7. RR are 10%; the Cochran Bank borrows $150 million from the
Fed. This single bank’s ER are increased by $_____.
8. RR are 25%; Fed buys $200 M of securities from the Public.
Potential Total Money Supply could be as much as $____.
9. RR are 25% & the Fed buys $40 M of bonds from the Collins Bank.
Potential Money Creation in the banking system could be $___.
10. RR are 20% & no ER in the Joseph Bank. Steph deposits
$ there. Potential Money Creation in the system is $____.

22. Quiz 6 Commercial Banks Fed Public
Answ: 1. $ $9 mil. 3. $20, $80, $500,000
6. $500, $5 mil. 8. $100 mil. 9. $32 mil $500.00
Quiz 6 Commercial Banks Fed Public
RR are 40% & there are no ER in a Bank. Bo deposits (DD)
$ there. This one bank can increase its loans by ?____
2. RR are 10%; the Torres Bank borrows $9 mil. from the Fed.
This bank can increase its loans by a maximum of of $_____
3. RR is 50%; the Fed buys $10,000 of securities from the Public.
Potential Total Money Supply could be as much as $____
4. The John Bank has DD of $100,000 and RR is 40%.
RR & ER are equal. Total Reserves are $_____.
5. The Martin Bank, with no ER, borrows $500,000 from the Fed.
With RR of 20%, this one bank can increase its loans by $___
6. RR are 50%; the Fed buys $500,000 of securities from the Public.
Potential Money Creation in the banking system is $_____
7. RR are 10%; the Matthews Bank borrows $5 million from the
Fed. This single bank’s ER are increased by $_____
8. RR are 10%; Fed buys $10 M of securities from the Public.
9. RR are 25% & the Fed buys $8 M of bonds from the Weber Bank.
Potential Money Creation in the banking system could be $____
10. RR are 20% & no ER in the Clark Bank. Steph deposits
$ there. Potential Total Money Supply is $____

23. Monetary Questions From 2000 AP Exam
Money and the Fed
1. (61%) In the Keynesian model, an expansionary monetary policy will lead to
a. lower real interest rates and more investment
b. lower real interest rates and lower prices
c. higher real interest rates and lower prices
d. higher real interest rates and higher real income
e. higher nominal interest rates and more investment
2. (58%) Which of the following will most likely occur in an economy if more money is
demanded than is supplied?
a. the amount of investment spending will increase. d. interest rates will decrease
b. the demand curve for money will shift to the left e. interest rates will increase.
c. the demand curve for money will shift to the right.
3. (64%) When consumers hold money rather than bonds because they expect the
interest rate to increase in the future, they are holding money for what purposes?
a. transactions c. speculation (asset)
b. unforeseen expenditures d. illiquidity
When interest rates are too low, people will hold more asset (speculation) money. They don’t
want to tie their money into interest rate bearing assets (like CDs & bonds) getting low returns.
They will hold the speculative money until interest rates go back up.
Money Creation
4. (80%) If on receiving a checking deposit of $300 a bank’s ER increased by $255,
the RR must be:
a. 5% b. 15% c. 25% d. 35% e. 45%

24. maximum amount indicated by the money multiplier when
5. (62%) The money-creating ability of the banking system will be less than the
maximum amount indicated by the money multiplier when
a. interest rates are high
b. the velocity of money is rising
c. people hold a portion of their money in the form of currency
d. the unemployment rate is low
6. (71%) RR is 20%. If a bank initially has no ER and $10,000 cash is deposited in the
bank, the maximum amount by which this bank may increase its loans is
a. $2, b. $8, c. $10, d. $20, e. $50,000
7. (86%) RR is 15% and that bank receives a new DD of $200. Which of the
following will most likely occur in the bank’s balance sheet?
Liabilities(DD) Required Reserves
a. increase by $200 increase by $170
b. increase by $200 increase by $30
c. increase by $200 no change
d. decrease by $200 decrease by $30
e. decrease by $200 decrease by $170
The Fed and Monetary Policy
8. (89%) The Federal Reserve can increase the money supply by
a. selling gold reserves to the banks
b. selling foreign currency holdings
c. buying government bonds on the open market
d. borrowing reserves from foreign governments

25. following short-run effects on real interest rates and real output?
9. (73%) An increase in the money supply is most likely to have which of the
following short-run effects on real interest rates and real output?
Real Interest Rates Real Output
a. decrease decrease
b. decrease increase
c. increase decrease
d. increase no change
e. no change increase
10. (81%) Under which of the following conditions would a restrictive (contractionary)
monetary policy be most appropriate?
a. high inflation d. low interest rates
b. high unemployment e. a budget deficit
c. full employment with stable prices
11. (82%) The Fed can change the U.S. money supply by changing the
a. number of banks in operation d. prime rate
b. velocity of money e. discount rate
c. price level
12. (*30%) If the money stock decreases but nominal GDP remains constant,
which of the following has occurred?
a. income velocity of money has increased. d. price level has decreased.
b. income velocity of money has decreased. e. real output has decreased.
c. price level has increased.

26. combinations of monetary and fiscal policy actions?
13. (54%) Policy-makers concerned about fostering long-run growth in an economy that
is currently in a recession would most likely recommend which of the following
combinations of monetary and fiscal policy actions?
Monetary Policy Fiscal Policy
a. sell bonds reduce taxes
b. sell bonds raise taxes
c. no change raise taxes
d. buy bonds reduce spending
e. buy bonds no change
14. (76%) Open market operations refer to which of the following activities?
a. the buying and selling of stocks in the New York stock Market
b. the loans made by the Fed to member commercial banks
c. the buying and selling of government securities by the Federal Reserve
d. the government’s purchases and sales of municipal bonds
e. the government’s contribution to net exports
15. (58%) An open market sale of bonds by the Fed will most likely change the
money supply, the interest rate, and the value of the U.S. dollar
in which of the following ways?
Money Supply Interest Rate Value of the Dollar
a. increase decrease decrease
b. increase decrease increase
c. decrease decrease decrease
d. decrease increase increase
e. decrease increase decrease
The reason you don’t incr G here
is that it would push up interest
rates and offset the lower interest
rates of the Fed’s buying bonds.

27. 1995 AP Exam 16. (82%) Commercial banks can create money by
a. transferring depositors’ accounts at the Fed for conversion to cash
b. buying Treasury bills from the Federal Reserve
c. sending vault cash to the Fed
d. maintaining a 100% reserve requirement
e. lending excess reserves to customers
17. (65%) If the RR is 20%, the existence of $100 worth of ER in the banking system
can lead to a maximum expansion of the money supply equal to
a. $ b. $ c. $ d. $ e. $750
18. (71%) If the Fed lowers the RR, which of the following would most likely occur?
a. Imports will rise, decreasing the trade deficit.
b. The rate of saving will increase.
c. Unemployment and inflation will both increase.
d. Businesses will purchase more factories and equipment.
e. The budget deficit will increase.
19. (61%) If the public’s desire to hold money as currency increases, what will the
impact be on the banking system?
a. Banks would be more able to reduce unemployment.
b. Banks would be more able to decrease AS.
c. Banks would be less able to decrease AS.
d. Banks would be more able to expand credit.
e. Banks would be less able to expand credit
5x$100=$500
More MS means lower I.R. & more Ig
Holding currency means less ER & higher I.R.

28. from a new customer. The bank now has excess reserves equal to
20. (86%) Which of the combinations is most likely to cure a severe recession?
Open-Market Operations Taxes Gov. Spending
a. Buy securities Increase Decrease
b. Buy securities Decrease Increase
c. Buy securities Decrease Decrease
d. Sell securities Decrease Decrease
e. Sell securities Increase Increase
21. (61%) The demand for money increases when national income increases because
a. spending on goods and services increases d. the MS increases
b. interest rates increase e. the budget deficit increases
c. the public becomes more optimistic about the future
22. (76%) Suppose the RR is 20% and a single bank with no ER receives a $100 DD
from a new customer. The bank now has excess reserves equal to
a. $ b. $ c. $ d. $ e. $500
23. (45%) Which of the following is most likely to increase if the public decides to
increase its holding of currency?
a. the interest rate d. Employment
b. The price level e. The reserve requirement
c. Disposable personal income
24. (47%) During a mild recession, if policymakers want to reduce unemployment by
increasing investment, which of the following policies would be most appropriate?
a. Equal increases in government expenditure and taxes
b. An increase in government expenditure only
c. An increase in transfer payments
d. An increase in the reserve requirement
e. Purchase of government securities by the Fed
Holding MS; banks
have less; higher I.R.

29. likely result in a decrease in AD?
25. (73%) Which of the following monetary and fiscal policy combinations would most
likely result in a decrease in AD?
Discount Rate Open-Market Operations Gov. Spending
a. Lower Buy bonds Increase
b. Lower Buy bonds Decrease
c. Raise Sell bonds Increase
d. Raise Buy bonds Increase
e. Raise Sell bonds Decrease
26. (35%) Under which of the following circumstances would increasing the MS be
most effective in increasing real GDP?
Interest Rates Employment Business Optimism
a. High Full High
b. High Less than full High
c. Low Full High
d. Low Full Low
e. Low Less than full Low
27. (57%) According to both monetarists and Keynesians, which of the following
happens when the Fed reduces the discount rate?
a. The demand for money decreases and market interest rates decrease.
b. The demand for money increases and market interest rates increase.
c. The supply of money increases and market interest rates decrease.
d. The supply of money increases and market interest rates increase.
e. Both the demand for money and the MS increase and market interest rates increase.
28. (79%) All of the following are components of the MS in the U.S. EXCEPT
a. paper money b. gold bullion c. checkable deposits d. coins e. demand deposits

30. fiscal policy changes, it should
29. (47%) If the Fed undertakes a policy to reduce interest rates, international capital
flows (financial capital like CDs, bonds) will be affected in which of the following ways?
a. Long-run capital outflows from the U.S. will decrease.
b. Long-run capital inflows to the U.S. will increase.
c. Short-run capital outflows from the U.S. will decrease.
d. Short-run capital inflows to the U.S. will decrease.
e. Short-run capital inflows to the U.S. will not change.
30. (73%) If the Fed wishes to use monetary policy to reinforce Congress’
fiscal policy changes, it should
a. increase the MS when government spending is increased
b. increase the MS when government spending is decreased
c. decrease the Ms when government spending is increased
d. increase interest rates when government spending is increased
e. decrease interest rates when government spending is decreased
Lower U.S. interest rates will
result in fewer capital inflows
This would keep the interest
rate from going up.