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Primary funding is provided by the JISC and ESRC. Based at Manchester Computing, The University of Manchester. 1 1 OpenURL – why? Ross MacIntyre & Ann.

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Presentation on theme: "Primary funding is provided by the JISC and ESRC. Based at Manchester Computing, The University of Manchester. 1 1 OpenURL – why? Ross MacIntyre & Ann."— Presentation transcript:

1 Primary funding is provided by the JISC and ESRC. Based at Manchester Computing, The University of Manchester. 1 1 OpenURL – why? Ross MacIntyre & Ann Apps MIMAS The University of Manchester

2 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 2 Overview Linking through the ages NISO OpenURL Stakeholder views ‘Sources’ & ‘Targets’ Novel uses & trends Summary

3 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 3 How does the Web work? 3 simple protocols: Data Formats HTML (HyperText Markup Language) provides the data format for native documents Addressing URLs (Uniform Resource Locator) provides an addressing mechanism for web resources Transport HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) defines transfer of resources between client and server Data Format HTML Addressing URL Transport HTTP Brian Kelly, Web-Focus, UKOLN

4 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 4

5 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 5 URL-based Linking Mechanisms explicit filename http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue44/petrie-weisen/intro.html derived filename, e.g. ISSN http://www.jstor.ac.uk/journals/10624783.html script, e.g. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1062- 4783%28199223%2926%3A3%3C%3AFM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O http://www.esajournals.org/esaonline/?request=get- toc3&issn=1540-9295&volume=003&issue=09

6 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 6 Ye Olde Linking Link Source Link Destination Link. Resource Resolution of Links Provision of Links Oren Beit-Arie, ExLibris

7 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 7 CrossRef/DOI resolution References Metadata DOI DOI link URL to Publisher DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/57.1.95

8 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 8 OpenURL (v0.1) format ::= Base URL ? Query Base-URL = web address of the link resolver i.e. the address to which the OpenURL is being sent http://LinkFinderPlus.library.edu/?genre=article&issn=1234 -5678&volume=12&issue=3&spage=1&epage=8 &date=1998&aulast=Smith&aufirst=Paul Query = the metadata that the link resolver uses to identify and link to appropriate targets

9 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 9 OpenURL linking Link Source OpenURL. Resource Service Component Resolver/Link Server Provision of Hooks Resolution into Links Context Sensitive Link Destination Link Link Destination Link Link Destination Link Link Destination Link Hook Appropriate Oren Beit-Arie, ExLibris Router

10 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 10 OpenURL in action

11 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 11 OpenURL Framework ANSI/NISO Z39.88-2004 Goals: –Formally address shortcomings (of v0.1) –Controlled evolution –Ensure wider acceptance Outcome: –Defines the general framework for bundling contextual metadata and introduces concepts of: ContextObject Formats and other elements and contextual entities –Defines the Registry –Defines the notion of Community Profiles Oliver Pesch EBSCO

12 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 12 The “ContextObject” contains… ServiceType Referent Resolver ReferringEntity Referrer Requester Administrative Version control, character encodings, timestamp, etc. Item being referenced. E.G. bibliographic reference in full text article. “User” making the request Service creating the link. E.G. where the user found the reference. The item which contains the reference. E.G. the article in which the bibliographic reference was found. The target of the link. E.G. the link server of the user’s institution The desired services from the Resolver. E.G. Full text, ILL, Abstract, etc. Oliver Pesch EBSCO

13 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 13 Stakeholder #1 - Readers “Give it me now” Expectation of direct connection Simple & consistent interface Usability & utility –Eason: ‘Ready-to-hand’ (Heidegger) –Mooer: ‘More painful to not have than to get’ –Zipf: ‘Least effort’

14 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 14

15 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 15

16 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 16

17 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 17 Stakeholder #2 - Libraries Direct users to highest quality resources ↑ Access ≡ ↑ ROI (Discuss) Library branding ‘Backroom’ benefits Meeting user expectations “Extension of library itself” Frank Cervone, Computers in Libraries, Oct2005, Vol. 25 Issue 9, p10, Publisher: Information Today.

18 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 18

19 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 19 Stakeholder #3 – Funding Bodies Defined Information Architecture e.g. JISC Information Environment –Step 1: Expose metadata about your content Support searching using Z39.50 Support harvesting using the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting –Step 2: Share news/alerts using RSS –Step 3: Become an OpenURL source –Step 4: Become an OpenURL target –Step 5: Use persistent URIs

20 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 20 Stakeholder #4 – Publishers “Why help readers leave?!” Market requirement –Critical customer requirement –Competitive pressure Competitive cooperation for mutual benefit (e.g.CrossRef) Reduce/remove onus for linking Streamline linking infrastructure 2 nd ary Publishers © 2005 Mark Lentczner and John Horigan.

21 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 21 Are you there yet? OpenURL Sources What’s wanted? Below supplied by SMUG-UKI 28/11/05: LexisNexis Professional & Academic Westlaw IEE Digital Library & IEE Explore Scitation Research Alerts Construction & Building Abstracts Foodline Web ABELL Factiva Metapress (covering T&F, Springer, etc), Sage, Highwire – “as these are searchable sites which include titles we don’t subscribe to electonically, but may have print subscriptions.” http://www.sfxit.com/

22 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 22 Are you there yet? OpenURL Targets What’s wanted? Below supplied by SMUG- UKI: –WestLaw –LexisNexis –Early English Books Online –Business Insights –DIALOG –Oxford Reference –LION - (e-books) –Taylor & Francis ebooks Targets currently in the (SFX) Knowledge Base but without article level linking: –IEEE Xplore Journals –Thomas Telford Journals –Chadwyck Literature Online –Walter de Gruyter Publishing –Times Higher Education Supplement

23 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 23 Novel Uses: ContextObject Endorsed for bibliographic citation by DCMI NISO Metasearch Initiative Latent OpenURLs –COinS -> CiteULike, Citebase, Zetoc… –Harvesting COinS via OAI-PMH RSS

24 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 24

25 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 25 Lorcan Dempsey, OCLC: “Everything is in 3 generations” Gen 1 –Z39.50, ISO-ILL –S2S –Library niche Gen 2 –OpenURL, OAI-PMH, SRU, … –B2B –Web services idiom Gen 3 –Leverage G2 infrastructure: lightweight services on top of SRU/OpenURL/OAI –COinS –Bridges to generic approaches and desktop frameworks RSS Bookmarklets... O'Reilly, T. (2005).

26 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 26 Summary Static & proprietary Predicatable & parameterised Persistent (Publisher-controlled) OpenURL prototype->standard ContextObject: Locator -> Identifier Pre-coordination->Post-coordination

27 OpenURL – why? STM 2005 27 Thanks! email: ross.macintyre@manchester.ac.uk web: http://www.mimas.ac.uk/

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