1. The Geographer’s Tools

2. The Geographer’s Tools
Eratosthenes- calculated the circumference of the earth around 255 B.C.

3. Geographer’s Tools: Maps and Globes
Globe- a three-dimensional representation of the earth
A way to view the earth as it travels through space
Not always practical because they are not easily portable
Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface
Easily portable, can be drawn to any scale needed
Distortion occurs as the earth’s surface is flattened to create the map

4. Geographer’s Tools: Maps and Globes
Cartographer- a mapmaker
Map projection- a way of drawing Earth’s surface by presenting a round Earth on flat paper
Types of maps
General reference maps, thematic maps, and navigational maps

5. Who was the first person to calculate the circumference of the earth?
Empedocies
Eratosthenes
Protagoras
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6. A globe is a two-dimensional graphic representation of selected parts of the earth’s surface.
True
False

7. Mapmaking
Surveying: observe, measure, and record what is seen in a specific area (mostly done by aerial photography or by satellites)
Satellites- provide geographic date
Landsat: a series of satellites that orbit more than 100 miles above Earth
Geostationary Operation Environment Satellite (GOES): a weather satellite, flies in orbit in sync with Earth’s rotation

8. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
A geographic information system (GIS) lets us visualize, question, analyze, interpret, and understand data to reveal relationships, patterns, and trends

9. Global Positioning System (GPS)
Uses a series of satellites called Navstars, which beam information to the earth
The exact position-latitude, longitude, latitude, and time is then displayed on a hand-held receiver

10. Geography Skills Finding location
Magnetic compasses: introduced by the Chinese around the 1100s helped to accurately determine direction
Theodolite: a type of surveying instrument that precisely measures angles and distances on the earth

11. Geography Skills
Scale: the relationship between distance on a map and on the earth’s surface (a scale shows distance!)
Small scale- shows a large area but without much detail; used to see relative location in a region or between regions
Large scale- shows a small area with much more detail; used to see relative location within a region

12. Is this a large scale or small scale map?
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13. Geography Skills- Types of Maps
Physical Maps- maps that help you see the types of landforms and bodies of water found in a specific area
Color, shading, or contour lines are used to indicate elevation or altitude
Political Maps-show features on the earth’s surface that humans created
May include cities, states, provinces, territories, or countries

14. What type of map is this? Political Physical [Default] [MC Any]
[MC All]

15. Geography Skills-Types of Maps
Thematic Maps- focuses on specific types of information
Climate, vegetation, natural resources, population density, and economic activities