1. Write the question, and answer in complete sentences. a.What is the difference between absolute and relative location? b.What are the five themes of geography? c.Name 2 tools used by geographers and how these tools help them perform their studies.

2. Geographers use computer-assisted technology to study the use of the earth’s surface. The Geographer’s Tools Section-2 Geographers use two- and three-dimensional tools to learn about the earth.

3. Continued… The Geographer’s Tools Section-2 Maps and Globes Visualizing Earth Oldest known map: Babylonian clay tablet, circa 500 B.C. Maps show locations of places, landforms, bodies of water

4. 2 Continued… Two or Three Dimensions Maps and Globes {continued} Globe—a three-dimensional representation (a sphere) of Earth Map—a two-dimensional graphic representation of Earth’s surface Cartographer (mapmaker) tries to accurately reflect earth’s surface Map projection—way of showing Earth’s curved surface on a flat map

5. Types of Maps Maps and Globes {continued} A topographic map is one kind of general reference map Topographic map—shows natural and man-made features of earth Thematic map—shows specific data such as climate, population density A navigation map is used by sailors, pilots Three types of maps: general reference, thematic, navigational

6. Surveyors observe, measure, record what they see in a specific area Remote sensing, gathering geographic data from a distance, includes: − aerial photography − satellite imaging 2 Continued… The Geographer’s Tools The Science of Mapmaking Surveying

7. Continued… Satellites The Science of Mapmaking {continued} Three types of maps: general reference, thematic, navigational Best known satellites are Landsat and GOES Landsat is a series of satellites; can scan entire planet in 16 days Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite (GOES): − orbits in sync with Earth’s rotation − gathers images of atmospheric conditions

8. Geographic Information Systems The Science of Mapmaking {continued} Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a digital geographic database Combines and displays information from many sources Global Positioning System (GPS) Uses series of 24 Navstar satellites to beam information to Earth Hand-held GPS receivers on Earth display exact position GPS used by explorers, sailors, drivers; also used to track animals

9. Spatial Maps http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/07/27/arts/spatial-maps.html Landsat http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/earthasart/eaa-exhibit.html