1. Grammar A Writer’s Tool Chapter 13

2. Components of Grammar Instruction Parts of speech Parts of sentences Types of sentences Capitalization & punctuation Usage

3. The 8 Parts of Speech Noun Pronoun Adjective Verb Adverb Preposition Conjunction Interjection

4. Research on Teaching Grammar Separately Will NOT Do Will not improve quality or accuracy of writing Will not help form or promote “mental discipline” Will not help students score better on standardized tests that include grammar, usage, and punctuation

5. Will not help people learn the grammar of another language more readily Will not help people master conventional spoken or written language Will not help people become better users of language—more effective listeners, speakers, readers, or writers

6. So How Do We Teach Grammar? Within the Context of Literature Studies Within the Context of Children’s Own Writing During the Editing Stage of Writing

7. Teaching Grammar Minilessons – followed by application to the child’s own writing Examine / make concept books Sentence collection / searches in books Sentence manipulation

8. Teaching Grammar New versions of books (innovations) Grammar posters Write and proofread- Editing Expands language options - not to replace home language

9. Killgallon’s 4 Types of Sentence Manipulation (Figure 13-5 – p. 445) Sentence Unscrambling  Reassemble phrases Sentence Imitating  Imitate the structure of a chosen sentence Sentence Combining  Combine and rearrange words Sentence Expanding  Abridged sentence is expanded

10. Assessing Grammar Tests Arrangement of words in sentences in writing projects Note errors and teach minilessons