1. Space-Based Navigation Systems
Sun-N-Fun
Larry Oliver – Flight Standards (AFS-430)
April 2006

2. Agenda Review of GPS basics
Development of Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) and Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS)
Performance based navigation
What are we doing? (Future forecast)

3. Global Positioning System (GPS)
Comprised of 24 satellites
Transmitting on the same frequency
Currently more satellites
Due to outliving original life expectancy
Designing third generation satellite (2015) (dual frequency)
Satellites broadcast signal; receiver captures and develops pseudorange position information

4. Your GPS
Receiver
Navigator
Database

5. Why Are We Going to GPS? Performance Cost Reliability
Better use of space
Routes
Terminal area
Arrivals/Departures

6. Angular (VOR) vs Linear
Accuracy of a linear system versus angular
No need to buy real estate on mountain tops for VORs
No need to buy real estate 7 miles from runway end for OM Global system
VOR
Accuracy decreases with distance
GPS Route
Accuracy constant

7. VOR or GPS RWY 27 Lakeland, Florida

8. Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitor (RAIM)
Outages may occur due to
Insufficient number of satellites in view
Unsuitable satellite geometry
Aircraft pitch/bank angle (antenna blockage)
RAIM predictions consider satellite outages/geometry
You should do RAIM predictions for ETA

9. Pilot Limitations of GPS
TSO-C129: Airborne Supplemental Navigation Equipment Using GPS
TSO-C145: Airborne Navigation Sensors Using GPS Augmented by WAAS
TSO-C146: Stand-Alone Airborne Navigation Equipment Using GPS Augmented by WAAS

10. Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)
System of ground based receiver sites in North America
Measure system error
Transmit data to a WAAS Master Station (WMS)
Uplink to a geostationary satellite
Satellite transmits back to aircraft
Accuracy typically within 2-3 meters
Excellent vertical accuracy
LPV approaches down to 200 feet

11. LPV Approach Localizer performance with vertical guidance
Looks and flies like an ILS
Maintained in your onboard database
Minimums as low as 200 feet AGL
Visibility determined by airfield infrastructure

12. RNAV (GPS) Z RWY 7L Daytona Beach, Florida

13. Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS)
Benefits of LAAS
Achieve ILS CAT II/III minima
Reduced infrastructure
Single system for all runway ends
Guided missed approaches
Flexibility in sequencing
Tighter spacing due to more accurate navigation
Parallel simultaneous instrument approach procedures

14. Moving Toward a Performance-Based National Airspace System
What is performance-based navigation?
What kind of equipment will be used?
When will it occur?

15. Required Navigational Performance (RNP)
Required Navigation Performance (RNP) is a critical component of the movement toward performance-based navigation in the National Airspace System. RNP is a concept of area navigation (RNAV) operations in which the aircraft navigation system provides containment, monitoring and alerting for flight within a given airspace.

16. Relevant FAA Documents
TSO-C129
TSO-C145
TSO-C146
AC 90-94 AC
AC 90- (RNP)
Aeronautical Information Manual

17. Conclusions Major changes are underway!
Old nav aids will go away
Reliance on GPS will increase
New capabilities will be added
Adding new airplanes and increasing number of flights
But new airports/runways will be rare

18. RNAV (RNP) RWY 19 Washington Reagan