1. The American Industrial Revolution 1793-1850

2. The Birth of the Factory in America: Samuel Slater brought British machinery secrets to U.S.A. Opened the 1 st factory in Pawtuckett, RI. -focused on production of cotton thread -Lowell, MA 1 st mill to manufacture all aspects of the textile. -”Mill Girls”= women factory workers

3. Infrastructure and government: Turnpikes= toll roads; money used to improve the roads being travelled on. National Road-Western Maryland to the Ohio River. (in present day West Virginia)

5. Water travel: Steamboat is invented by Robert Fulton Drastically sped up water travel: before steamboat: New Orleans to Louisville took 4 months. after steamboat: same trip in 20 days.

6. Water travel continued… Cross Atlantic travel: before steamboat: 25-50 days after steamboat: 10-14 days

7. Canals: Began in the Northeast Erie Canal System, 363 mi. across NY state. before canals: cost to ship 1 ton of freight=100$ after canals: 4$

10. “King Cotton” Replaced tobacco as the dominant southern crop. Eli Whitney, cotton gin, 1793. Cotton production in 1793: 5 million lbs. 1820: 170 million lbs. *Southern Plantations created 60% of all cotton used in U.S. and European manufacturing.*

11. Innovations: Interchangeable parts Eli Whitney developed the idea and process of manufacturing goods more uniformly. -created easy fixes to problematic or old tools. -shifted jobs from skilled artisans to specialized “assembly line” like work.

12. Innovations continued… Telegraph -Samuel Morse, 1833 -provided nearly instant communication. -hugely important for transportation and news.

13. A Revival of Slavery: Slave trade abolished in 1808. 1.5 million slaves by 1820. Cotton production neccesitated an increase in slave labor. Slavery advocates argued that slave conditions were better than mill/factory conditions in England.

14. Economic Developments of the early 1800’s: Increased Reliance on Domestic Economy: Decreased Reliance on International Commerce: National RoadEmbargo Act, 1807 Erie CanalEnd of Slave Trade, 1808 Growth of factories/mills New inventions/innovations The Increasing importance of cotton?