1. 2.1 Molecular Model Dhruv Mukhija IGCSE Physics

2. What is Molecular Model?
A molecular model is a physical model that represents molecules and their processes.
A molecule is composed of one or several atoms of the same or different elements.
Molecular Modeling encompasses all theoretical methods and computational techniques used to model the behavior of models.

3. Matter and Materials
Anything that has mass and occupies space is matter.
Materials that we see around are either composition of elements or elements themselves.
Elements cannot be split into simple materials
An element is composed of a large number of tiny particles called molecules or atoms.

4. Brownian Motion
This motion is named after Robert Brown who found pollen grains in water while looking for a microscope.
Brownian motion is the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid resulting from their collision with the quick atoms or molecules in the gas or liquid.
Einstein said that the movement is caused by these visible particles being hit from all sides by particles of water that are far smaller and are completely invisible.
These tiny hits to the dust come at random times which cause it to move in random directions.

5. Molecular Modelling
Molecules can be modelled either in vacuum or in the presence of a solvent such as water.
Molecular modelling methods are now routinely used to investigate the structure, dynamics, surface properties and thermodynamics of inorganic, biological and polymeric systems.

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