1. Rich to Poor CarsVacationsFoodMoney CarsVacationsFoodMoney Bill Driver EuropeChief/MaidGive it a Gates other countriesaway Middle BMW, Lexus Large City, Restaurant Investing Class Mercedes Beach, MountainsCollege Poor BUS, Friend no vacations simple meals Winning family reunion the lottery family reunion the lottery Other things that are very different: clothes, social interactions, etc.

2. Chapter 5 Creating a Buffer Colony GPS: Explain the importance of James Oglethorpe, the charter of 1732, the reasons for settlement (charity, economics, defense), Tomochichi, Mary Musgrove, and the city of Savannah. Essential Question: How was the founding/evolution of the Georgia colony unique?

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4. Reasons for the Colony Threats from Spanish   Spanish encourage Native Americans to attack Charles Town   Fort King George built to protect Carolina border; abandoned 1728 What other countries do you think the Carolinas need protection from?

5. Hard Times in England James Edward Oglethorpe -member, British Parliament   England overcrowded, people unable to pay debts imprisoned (Robert Castill)   Oglethorpe favors prison reform, wants debtors’ colony -give debtors fresh start, colony could sell materials to England and protect Charles Town Why do you think Oglethorpe favored prison reform?

6. The Creation of Georgia   Oglethorpe, 20 other prominent men— trustees-draft charter in 1730   Propose colony name “Georgia” after King George II; three purposes of GA colony: 1-charitable: relief for debtors, “worthy poor” 2-economic: self-supporting, providing cheap resources for England 3-defensive: protective barrier between Florida-Charles Town   King signs charter, grants lands southwest of Carolina, June 9, 1732 Which purpose do you think the king is most concerned about?

7. The Creation of Georgia   Colonists offered free passage, 50 acres, 1 year support for family   500 acres tax-free for 10 years for those who can pay passage   Many “worthy poor” —artisans, businessmen —apply instead of debtors   “Resident Trustee” Oglethorpe pays own way, leads colony

8. New Rules for a New Colony   Trustees cannot own land in Georgia, do not make profit   All colonists get same amount of land so social classes do not form   Hard liquor, slavery, Catholics, and lawyers not allowed   Land cannot be sold or borrowed against; only men can inherit Why do you think the trustees do not want social classes to form?

9. Sailing to Georgia   Ship Ann sets sail November 17, 1732, with 115 passengers   Two months to cross Atlantic; travel conditions poor   Oglethorpe meets with Royal Governor of South Carolina -wants protection from Spanish and Yamasee Indians What kind of problems might occur in during the voyage that might cause someone to get sick or die?

10. Establishing the Colony   Yamacraw Bluff —spot near Savannah River chosen for colony -becomes town of Savannah   John and Mary Musgrove own trading post near Yamacraw   John: son of Colonel John Musgrove of South Carolina   Mary: born “Cousaponakeesa” to white trader and Creek Indian   Musgroves have a trade monopoly with the Yamacraw, Charlestown colonist.

11. Chief Tomochichi   Tomochichi is chief of Yamacraw; part of Creek Confederacy   Musgroves help Oglethorpe negotiate treaty with Tomochichi   Georgia guard prepares area, colonists arrive February 1, 1733 Tomochichi lived into his late 90’s and a large granite stone commemorating his life was placed near his burial site in Savannah

12. Negotiating with the Creek   Oglethorpe meets with Creek chiefs to establish peace   After three days, Treaty of Savannah signed: 1-colonists receive land, prices set for trade 2-Creek will return escaped slaves to South Carolina 3-promise that colonists will not take other Creek lands

13. Continued help from friends   Musgroves translate, negotiate between colonists and natives   Allow Oglethorpe to use employees as assistants   Oglethorpe takes Musgroves, Tomochichi to England in 1734   Tomochichi impressed by King, trustees; Creek, English ally   Oglethorpe and Creek chiefs sign Treaty of Coweta in 1739 -chiefs vow loyalty to George II, reconfirm 1733 land grant

14. Establishing Savannah   Colonists work as group and build palisade—strong wooden wall of defense around compound   Savannah layout based on Azilia design   Four district with open public square in each -public buildings in each corner, house lots surround square   Fort Argyle along Ogeechee River first of 7 forts to protect Savannah   Scots Highlanders build fort near Altamaha River, February 1736 -name area Darien, name town New Inverness

15. More residents for the Colony   Settlers continue to arrive, including three religious groups: -Moravians—Protestants from Czechoslovakia -Salzburgers—Austrian, near German border -Jews from Portugal—initially, trustees prohibited Jewish settlers   All groups had been persecuted in original countries

16. Religion in the Colonies   Trustees afraid Catholic settlers may ally with Spanish in Florida   Oglethorpe brings ministers, two brothers, in 1736 John Wesley —founds Methodist movement Charles Wesley —Oglethorpe’s secretary, chaplain at Fort Frederica George Whitefield comes on later trip; founds Bethesda Home for Boys

17. Augusta Founded   Communications between Savannah, Charles Town begins October 1734   Secure settlement between towns needed as trade grows   Oglethorpe completes way station north of Savannah, June 1736 -names site Augusta in honor of Princess Augusta of Wales

18. Discontent Among the Colonists Land   Trustees won’t trade poor land for better land   Difficult to grow crops requested by England   Colonists cannot sell, trade land; women can’t inherit Slaves   Farmers able to grow rice, indigo, but crops are labor-intensive   Envy profitability of South Carolina crops using slave labor Rum   Banned, available in other colonies; item of trade with Native Americans

19. Hardships take toll   Colonists are unprepared for life in new colony   Soil, climate wrong for intended crops   Trustees mock complainers; some colonists leave for South Carolina

20. Defending the New Colony   William Stephens arrives in 1736 to assist Oglethorpe   Georgia divided into two counties. Stephens in charge of Savannah, Oglethorpe in charge of Frederica   War of Jenkins’ Ear; Spanish guard cut off British officer’s ear; Britain declares war on Spain,1739

21. European conflict carried to the colonies   Oglethorpe invades Florida in 1740, aided by Native American allies   Spanish reinforcements arrive, Georgians retreat to Fort St. Simons   Minor fighting for two years, Spanish take Fort St. Simons in 1742   Oglethorpe evacuates, Spanish take fort

22. Spain is turned back   Oglethorpe greatly outnumbered—650 to 2,000—but must defeat Spanish   Two small units ambush Spanish on march to Fort Frederica   Ambush—the Battle of Bloody Marsh — takes less than hour   Spanish retreat to St. Augustine three days later   England’s claim on Georgia land is now undisputed

23. Changes in Leadership   Despite victory, trustees and settlers unhappy with Oglethorpe who returns to England. William Stephens new leader

24. Changing the Rules Land   50-acre rule frustrates colonists, they want larger farms   Land limit increased to 2,000 acres, women may now inherit property Rum   Rum drinking, sale allowed in 1742; valuable for trading with natives Slavery   Some colonists asking for slavery since colony’s start   Slavery legalized in 1751; Scots Highlanders and Salzburgers oppose

25. Becoming a Royal Colony   Trustees return colony to king in 1752 a year before charter expires   George II names John Reynolds first royal governor (1754)   Royal government: governor, 12-man council, legislature -council advises governor: forms Assembly’s Upper House, Court of Error -19 colonists elected to Commons House of Assembly, later 25

26. The Assembly takes Action   First assembly meets on January 7, 1755   Reorganizes militia, funds roads, bridges; creates paper bills of credit   Establishes list of 10 crimes punishable by death   Approves first slave code—basis for all future Georgia slavery laws

27. A change of governors   Reynolds disliked; tries to move capital, refuses advice from council   Henry Ellis replaces him, 1758; inherits weak, infighting colony   Restores colony in three years; is well-liked, respected -reforms government, divides Georgia into parishes, settles land claims -keeps Creek neutral during French and Indian War   Resigns in early 1761, Lieutenant Governor James Wright replaces him

28. A voice in government Colonists Have Voice in Government   Commons House of Assembly gave colonists political voice Forming Parishes   Georgia divided into 8 districts—parishes— similar to modern counties -primarily for organizaton; religious, military bodies -members pay tax for church, poor   England has hands-off policy—“salutary neglect”—toward colonies   Colonists handle their own problems, Parliament’s laws rarely enforced