1. Hold a sheet of paper horizontally Make a 2 door flap Turn your foldable sideways Cut the top flap in half, making two flaps Write Need for on each top flap (leaving room for 1 more word on each) On the bottom flap, write “Effects of”, leaving room for 3 more words

2. On page 29 of your ISN: List 2 natural resources that are essential to industry

4. What do you see here? What might the building and machines be made of? What might the people be doing? How might they be feeling? What might be the dangers of this work? What might be the uses for the steel ingots (bars)? What words do you think we will add to our foldable?

5. Left top flap: Need for Iron Iron had been used to make tools and weapons Demand was high during war remained in high demand due to changes in Britain Ag Rev farming tools; Ind Rev machinery Trains and rails used iron Smelting (metallurgy) is a chemical process that removes impurities from compound iron ore Large amounts of carbon and heat are needed for smelting During smelting, carbon and heat are injected into iron ore, changing the metal’s atomic structure Resulting steel is more flexible and more durable

6. Right top flap: Need for Coal Before 1720, use of iron in Britain had been down due to lack of charcoal and timber Coal supplies were abundant Various innovations led to the discovery that wood could be replaced by coal They discovered that a variant of coal called ‘coke’ (coal with gases burned off) replaced the limited charcoal Downside of coke was that it burned more slowly and required more fuel to complete the burning, but the new steam engine solved that problem

7. Bottom Flap: Effect of Iron and Coal steam engines and smelting needed coal to operate, the need for coal was increased and the new coal industry grew 18 th century, coal was Britain’s largest product in her rising international trade; Mining output increased from 2.5 million tons in 1700 to 16 million tons in 1829 Coal supported Britain’s enormous navy and shipbuilding industry, the largest in all of Europe at the time iron industry began to flourish as well In 1814, Britain exported 571,000 tons of iron, in 1852, iron exports had risen to 1,036,000 tons. World iron production was 2,000,000 tons, so Britain was producing more than all other nations combined Bessemer Process; in 1856, Henry Bessemer devised a method that compressed gas in such a way so as to produce incredibly high temperatures during smelting The steel was weaker, but it sped up the smelting time from 7 days to approximately 30 mins

8. What will be the next development and why? Tweet your answer using #indrevnextbigthing and @msDworldciv