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By: Matinee Cheevasittirungruang

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1 By: Matinee Cheevasittirungruang
Coal By: Matinee Cheevasittirungruang

2 Coal Coal is a shiny black rock that has a lot of energy in it. It make light and energy when it’s burned. Native American burned coal to make pots. Coal was formed millions of years ago. They were filled with ferns and plants. After a long time, the heat and pressure changed the plants in a coal. Coal is called a fossil fuel because it was made from plants that once alive.

3 Where it is located? Coal is unrenewable source because coal took millions of years to form. Most coal is buried under the ground. We must dig coal out. Mining is the act, process, or industry of extracting ores or coal from mines.

4 How is it converted into usable energy?
Electric utility companies, industries and businesses with their own power plants use coal to generate electricity. Power plants burn coal to make steam. The steam turns turbines which generate electricity. Coal is baked in hot furnaces to make coke, which is used to smelt iron ore into iron needed for making steel. It is the very high temperatures created from the use of coke that gives steel the strength and flexibility for products such as bridges, buildings, and automobiles. Most of these imports were shipped to electric power producers along the U.S. coastlines. *Coke is a solid carbon made from coal. It is used to make steel. Another type of coke, "petroleum coke," is a refined product often burned to generate electricity.

5 Coal and Environment When coal is burned as fuel, it gives off carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas that is linked with global warming. Burning coal also produces emissions, such as sulfur, nitrogen oxide, and mercury, that can pollute the air and water. Sulfur mixes with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide, a chemical that can affect trees and water when it combines with moisture to produce acid rain. Emissions of nitrogen oxide help create smog, and also contribute to acid rain. Mercury that is released into the air eventually settles in water. The mercury in the water can build up in fish and shellfish, and can be harmful to animals and people who eat them.

6 Waste Products/ Environmental Effects
Generation of hundred of millions of tons of waste products, including fly ash, bottom ash, flue gas desulfurization sludge, that contain mercury, uranium, thorium, arsenic, and other heavy metals Acid rain Interference with groundwater and water table levels Impact of water use on flows of rivers and consequential impact on other land-uses Dust nuisance

7 Advantages The biggest advantage of coal is that it is far more abundant than oil and gas. There are about 200 years of coal left (but only 100 years if it was used to replace oil and gas). Neither does coal peak like oil although it does have the problem that, as it is used up, the remaining reserves will be harder to mine. Easily combustible, and produces high energy upon combustion helping in locomotion and in the generation of electricity and various other forms of energy; Widely and easily distributed all over the world; Comparatively inexpensive due to large reserves and easy accessibility Good availability Inexpensive Very large amounts of electricity can be generated in one place using coal, fairly cheaply. Gas-fired power stations are very efficient. A fossil-fuelled power station can be built almost anywhere, so long as you can get large quantities of fuel to it. Didcot power station, in Oxfordshire, UK, has a dedicated rail link to supply the coal.

8 Disadvantages They are Non-renewable and fast depleting;
They leave behind harmful by-products upon combustion, thereby causing a lot of pollution; Mining of such fuels leads to irreversible damage to the adjoining environment; Fossil fuel pollutes the enviroment and ruins all living creature's lungs. It will eventually run out. It cannot be recycled. Prices for fossil fuels are rising, especially if the real cost of their carbon is included. Burning it produces carbon dioxide, a major cause of global warming. and it is running out and new energy sources need to be used such as nuclear power

9 Government Regulation
One of the major regulatory hurdles for the company involves the difficulty of obtaining permits to mine. As coal mining has highly detrimental effects on the ecosystems around mine areas, as well as on the air and water quality for human developments in the vicinity of mine areas, government permits to mine are handed out on a case by case basis. A March 2007 court decision made it more difficult for the company to expand its Central Appalachian holdings, and since no new mining permits have been given out in the past nine months, the company faces increasing challenges to expanding operations.

10 Future for this type of energy
The future of coal in a carbon-constrained world, evaluates the technologies and costs associated with the generation of electricity from coal along with those associated with the capture and sequestration of the carbon dioxide produced coal-based power generation. Growing electricity demand in the U.S. and in the world will require increases in all generation options (renewables, coal, and nuclear) in addition to increased efficiency and conservation in its use. Coal will continue to play a significant role in power generation and as such carbon dioxide management from it will become increasingly important.

11 Interesting Facts of Coal
We use coal-generated electricity for heating, cooling, cooking, lighting, transportation, communication, farming, industry, healthcare, and much more! Coal has been used as an energy source for hundreds of years and was part of international trade in as long ago as the Roman Empire. Coal provided the energy which fueled the Industrial Revolution of the 19th Century and also launched the electric era in the 20th Century. Coal is by far the cheapest source of power fuel per million Btu, averaging less than half the price of petroleum and natural gas. The world's iron and steel industry depends on the use of coal.

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