1. Just enough biochemistry to be dangerous?? http://www.detoxi-pad.com/

2. Just enough biochemistry to be dangerous?? http://www.tahitiannoni.com/united_states/english/retail/store/research/index.html

3. Chapter 15 Design of metabolism

4. http://www.chem.uwec.edu/Chem454_S08/MetabolicchartBig.pdf

5.  G, Free Energy, recall:

6. For biochemical reactions, we define a different standard state for the concentration of H+ standard state for [H+] = 10-7 M, pH = 7.0 this modified standard state is given the symbol  G°’

7. ATP the experimental value of K’ eq = 2.23 x 10 5

8. ATP-Why? resonance repulsion BUT,it’s kinetically stable

9. Other “high energy compounds

10. "High energy" substance: a thermodynamically unstable substance whose hydrolysis or decomposition can be easily coupled to an unfavorable reaction. The arbitrary cut-off is ~-10kJ/mol. There is no such thing as a "high energy bond" per se.

11. Coupled Reactions Free energies are additive; favorable rxns can drive unfavorable;e.g.sequential coupling

12. Sequential coupling

13. Simultaneous coupling Example:Glucose to glucose-6-phosphate

14. Example: calculate  G°’ for this reaction involving phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and decide whether or not it is spontaneous use the following information from Table 14.1

15. Under aerobic conditions, glucose is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water the efficiency of the energy conservation under aerobic conditions is approximately 34% Metabolism concerns how you get from here to there!!

16. Metabolic strategies-Oxidation(burning of carbon containing compounds)

17. Substrate level phosphorylations

18. Ion gradients

19. Overall Process

20. Recurring Motifs in Metabolism “Activated” electron and functional group carriers

21. Electron Carriers: NAD+ H: -

22. Electron Carriers: FAD

23. Typical Oxidation Reactions

24. “ Carbon ” carriers

25. Chemical Reaction “ themes ” in metabolism

26. Chemical Reaction “ themes ” in metabolism: Patterns

27. Factors Affecting Metabolic Rate Metabolism operates at a steady state. Metabolites flow through the steady state

28. Factors Affecting Metabolic Rate

29. Metabolites flow through the steady state ATP

30. Factors Affecting Metabolic Rate

32. Factors Affecting Metabolic Flow or flux through pathways Amounts of enzymes Catalytic activity of enzymes Availability of substrates

33. ATP Balance affects many metabolic pathways

35. CONTROL OF METABOLIC FLUX, J SAB JJ P rate determining step e.g. glucose pyruvate

36. CONTROL OF METABOLIC FLUX, J e.g. Substrate Cycling: See glycolysis (F-6- P to F1,6-BP)