1. NATURAL RESOURCES

2. What are our two sources of fresh, drinkable water? RESERVOIRS (which are lakes that hold fresh water, like Hemlock and Canadice Lakes) and GROUNDWATER (which taps into the water that flows underground, filling your well)

3. What is the difference between Passive solar power and Active solar power PASSIVE: no effort. Windows let in heat, solar cover on pool ACTIVE: solar cells convert sun's energy into an electrical current (calculators)

4. Describe three uses of plants 1. OXYGEN 2. FOOD 3. MEDICINE 4. CHEMICALS 5. BUILDING MATERIALS

5. Where does solar energy come from? The SUN

6. What are the three kinds of fossil fuels? 1. COAL (black “rock-like”, mined) 2. PETROLEUM (liquid, oil) 3. NATURAL GAS (gas found in ground)

7. Draw a picture of strip cropping

8. Define Erosion EROSION IS THE LOSS OF TOPSOIL (water washes it away or wind blows it away)

9. Which gases make up our air? What are their percentages? 78% NITROGEN 20% OXYGEN 2% CARBON DIOXIDE

10. Describe two ways in which water can be polluted. 1. RAW SEWAGE (waste water from homes) 2. PESTICIDES (chemicals that kill insects) 3. PHOSPHATES & NITRATES (fertilizers) 4. THERMAL POLLUTION (releasing hot water into the environment)

11. Name the atoms used in Nuclear Fission Nuclear Fission splits URANIUM atoms.

12. What is the main source of all air pollution? BURNING FOSSIL FUELS!

13. Name the type of conservation farming method where the farmer plows across a slope, instead of up and down the slope? CONTOUR FARMING

14. Name the three characteristics that make something a Hazardous Waste 1. FLAMMABLE (burns easily) 2. TOXIC (poisonous) 3. REACTS DANGEROUSLY with other substances

15. Name three ways to conserve fresh water 1. Replant vegetation on barren slopes 2. Desalination (take salt out of salt water) 3. Build dams to create reservoirs 4. Protect our watersheds 5. Use cooling towers 6. Waste water treatment plants

16. How do cooling towers help protect our water supply? Cooling Towers cool water from industry before releasing it into the environment.

17. What is formed when water vapor mixes with nitrogen and sulfur oxides? ACID RAIN!

18. Explain the differences between Nuclear fission and Nuclear fusion Nuclear Fission is the SPLITTING of Uranium atoms (fission division) (radioactive wastes! And costly!) Nuclear Fusion is the COMBINING of Hydrogen atoms (no wastes! Not a reality yet!)

19. What are phosphates and nitrates, and how do they harm water and aquatic life? Phosphates and nitrates are fertilizers. They increase the plant growth in a body of water (algae bloom). When the plants die off in large amounts, bacteria decay the dead plants and use up the oxygen in the water. Fish and other aquatic life die.

20. What is SMOG? Smoke + fog

21. How long does it take for 1 cm of topsoil to form? 200-400 years!

22. Which type of water holds more oxygen, warm or cold? Cold water holds more oxygen.

23. Define Geothermal Energy Geo = earth Thermal = heat Using the heat in the earth to boil water and create steam. The steam is then used to turn a turbine to generate electricity.

24. Draw a picture of Terracing

25. What is the difference between renewable resources and non- renewable? Give an example of each. Renewable resources can be replaced, reproduce, or cycle: water, air, nitrogen, plants, & animals. Non-renewable resources are limited. Once they are gone, they are gone! Coal, oil, natural gas, soil

26. Describe how a farmer practices Crop Rotation. What does he do? Which plants should he use? The farmer would plant different crops in his field over time. Every couple of years, he needs to plant a Legume (beans, peas, alfalfa, clover). These plants will return nitrates to the soil.

27. How do you prevent overgrazing? Grazing animals (cows, horses & sheep) are moved from pasture to pasture throughout the year. This allows the grass to grow back and the soil to recover from too much grazing.

28. Define depletion Depletion is the loss of nutrients from the soil. This happens from planting the same crop in a field for too many years, flooding, poor farming practices, erosion, etc.

29. What is a watershed? A watershed is the LAND area around a lake or river. Water runs off the land and into the body of water. (it “sheds” water into the lake!)

30. Describe Strip Cropping Strip Cropping is when a farmer will plant a low cover crop in between a taller crop. The low cover crop holds the soil in place and prevents erosion.

31. Draw a picture of windbreaks

32. Why is raw sewage a problem to aquatic life? Raw Sewage increases the amount of bacteria in the water. The bacteria decompose the sewage and use up the Oxygen that is in the water. Aquatic life, that depends on the Oxygen, then dies.

33. What is it called when electricity is produces through moving water? Hydroelectric Power. As water moves through a dam, the water turns a turbine, which in turn generates an electrical current.

34. From which Fossil Fuel does Gasoline come from? Gasoline is one of the many by products of petroleum (crude oil)

35. Define Transpiration The process by which plants give off excess water

36. Through Evaporation How does water become a vapor (gas)?

37. Through respiration and/or excretion How do animals give off excess water to the atmosphere?

38. Through Condensation How do Clouds form?

39. Why is Conesus Lake important? Fishing, boating, vacationing, brings money into the community, drinking water for Avon & Geneseo, ecologically important to plants & animals.

40. Changing the sun's energy into electricity (using solar cells) What is ACTIVE solar energy?