1. The Enlightenment 1650-1800

2.  Renaissance  Individuality  Reformation  Increased literacy, questioning of authority  Absolute Monarchy  the more they tried to control the people, the more the people pushed for freedom

4. Leaders John LockeVoltaire MontesquieuRousseau

5. John Locke 1632-1704) English philosopher and political theorist. He wrote Two Treaties on Government which explained that all men have Natural Rights, which are Life, Liberty, and Property, and that the purpose of government was to protect these rights.

6. Montesquieu The Spirit of the Laws - Montesquieu describes what he considers to be the best government. Government should divide itself according to its powers, creating a Judicial, Legislative, and Executive branch, and under this system each branch would Check and Balance the others, which would help protect the people's liberty.

7. Voltaire (1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church.

8. Rousseau (1712-1778) Enlightenment philosopher- he stated that people were basically good, and that society, and its unequal distribution of wealth, were the cause of most problems. Rousseau believed that government should be run according to the will of the majority, which he called the General Will,which would always act in the best interest of the people.

9. Stimulated people's sense of individualism, and the basic belief in equal rights led to the Glorious Revolution, the American Revolution, the French Revolution, and the Latin American Revolutions. Some of these revolutions resulted in democratic government Several failed revolutions resulted in even stricter government control of everyday life. Effects of Enlightenment