1. Culture

2.  Culture shared products such as:  physical objects  beliefs  values  behaviors

3.  Cultural trait an individual tool, act or belief that is related to a particular situation or need

4. Do all societies share the same culture ? In some ways, yes. These things are called:  Cultural universals common features that are found in all human societies

5. Cultural Universals  Food, shelter, clothing (basic needs)  Religion or beliefs  Government or social structure  Family structure  Economics (trade, barter, monetary system)  Technology  Transportation  Communication  Education  Aesthetics (art, music, drama, literature)  Entertainment or celebrations

6.  Is the United States the best country in the world?  Do the British drive on the wrong side of the road?  Is looking directly at a person mean you respect the person?  Is it wrong to show up late for an appointment?  Is it wrong for a bride to wear red on their wedding day?

7. If you said yes to any of the questions, you may be…  Ethnocentric the tendency to view one’s own culture as superior. When we believe that we are right and everyone else is wrong being ethnocentric

8. Should we judge other cultures by the standards of our own culture?  Cultural relativism belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards rather than by applying that standards of other cultures

9. What about in the case of…?  Eating dog as a delicacy  Treatment of women in fundamentalist Islam  9/11  Female circumcision

10. But, what about cultures within a culture?  Subcultures group with its own unique values, norms and behaviors that exists within a larger culture Examples:  Age (Infant, Toddler, Child, Teenager, Adult)  Gender (Male, Female, Homosexual)  Religion (Christian, Jewish, Muslim)  Occupation (Doctor, Teacher, Lawyer)  Location (Little Havana, Chinatown)

11. And, what about those that go against the existing culture?  Counterculture a group that rejects the values, norms and practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns Examples:  KKK, Neo-Nazis (Skinheads)  Polygamists  Organized crime families  Hippies