1. Working together for a safer world Class approval of Systems of Unconventional Design – Hybrid and Battery Designs 23 November 2015 Jacob Munk Plum, Electrical Surveyor of LR EMEA, Copenhagen TSO

2. Class approval of Systems of Unconventional Design –Hybrid and Battery Designs 07 October 2015 Introduction Facing the new requirements for sulphur emissions, in the Nordic we see owners looking for different kind of propulsion principles. One of these is hybrid- and battery designs. But what are the challenges, regarding stable functionality and safety? In this presentation I will cover basics on battery functionality and safety and how the battery is implemented in the ships electrical grid seen from a class perspective.

3. Class approval of Systems of Unconventional Design –Hybrid and Battery Designs 07 October 2015 Agenda Batteries for propulsion purposes – reason, types and integration Lloyd’s Register– what does the class do? Lloyd’s Register ”Unconventional/Novel” Design Process Lloyd’s Register Risk Assessment (ARBD) Risk Assessment on batteries

4. Class approval of Systems of Unconventional Design –Hybrid and Battery Designs 07 October 2015 What does the class do? Beginning of project – before decision on final design and subsuppliers are chosen: LR can provide consulting on Risk Asssessment Another LR department can carry out the Risk Assessment for client When subsupplier is chosen and design is fixed: LR can carry out the RA/ Hazid Identification and provide a HAZID study report At this point also the Plan Approval process commenses. When documention for build/rebuild/modification is complete: LR can carry out the HAZOP, i.e. conduct a procedure to identify hazardous operations Final drawings for Plan Approval is submitted and Design Appraisal Document is issued When build/rebuild/modification is ongoing: Local surveyor follows installations and attend FAT When build/rebuild/modication is complete: Local surveyor attends HAT and Seatrails.

5. Class approval of Systems of Unconventional Design –Hybrid and Battery Designs 07 October 2015 LR Novel Design Process – Systems of Unconventional Design Prescriptive rules. Known systems Long experience on operation Precise rules New systems – Systems of Unconventional Design (Rules Pt.7, Ch.15) – Prescriptive rules has not been developed Another method: Risk Assessment LR use a defined process to identify and evaluate the Risks. Assessment of Risk Based Designs - ARBD START END Design and Safety Statement Risk Assessment Criteria Satisfied NO Revision and Supporting Studies Final Design Assessment YES Generic Process for the Assessment of Risk Based Designs (ARBD)

6. Class approval of Systems of Unconventional Design –Hybrid and Battery Designs 07 October 2015 The Hazards - Total Systems Engineering Concept Component level – the Cell Battery Module (strings of cells) Battery System Ship System Level Functional, performance and verification requirements to address the issues: a ‘TOTAL SYSTEM’ concept Concept of operation Electrical protection and isolation Redundancy Construction – Survey Emissions Battery management Installation Special fire safety Human Factors Risk Assessment for Failure Control systems

7. Class approval of Systems of Unconventional Design –Hybrid and Battery Designs 07 October 2015 Batteries for propulsion purposes - Fuel Savings Optimized use of the Diesel Generators - Load 85-95% Always be in the Best Point of Specific energy (kWh/g’s). Energy storage = Battery. Surplus power -> Charge battery. Power demand for thrusters > DG power supply -> Discharge battery -battery is a virtual generator Result: Instead of two DG’s on partial load, one can be run on full load = Fuel saving Conventional DE systemHybrid DE system with batteries

8. Class approval of Systems of Unconventional Design –Hybrid and Battery Designs 07 October 2015 Batteries for propulsion purposes – Installation DG replaced by converter AC/DC + battery pack. The converter controls the charging/discharging of battery by voltage. Existing PMS controls converter --> charge by surplus energy -> discharge by power demand Independent Battery Pack Controller for battery safety.

9. Class approval of Systems of Unconventional Design –Hybrid and Battery Designs 07 October 2015 Batteries for propulsion purposes - Type of Battery Types of batteries: Mainly Lithium Ion: High energy density, many charge cycles Issues: Contains lots of energy, what will happen if something goes wrong?

10. Class approval of Systems of Unconventional Design –Hybrid and Battery Designs 07 October 2015 LR What does class do? Safety and stability Can it burn / cause a fire? Can it cause electrical problems; short circuit, shock hazard, disrupt essential services? Can it harm personnel and materials in other ways; toxic, corrosion etc.? Is it stable over time? Is safety measures in place?

11. Class approval of Systems of Unconventional Design –Hybrid and Battery Designs 07 October 2015 Risk Assessment on Batteries – Scandlines Voglefulg example Example: Scandlines Vogelflug line What kind of battery? How much energy is installed? Is it for essential service? Installations? How and where? Worst case failure? Is safety measures in place? Active Passive To prevent failure After failure

12. Class approval of Systems of Unconventional Design –Hybrid and Battery Designs 07 October 2015 Risk Assessment on Batteries - HAZID example Example on Battery HAZID (Safety Actions Register List) ITEMCAUSEHAZARDPOTENTIAL EFFECTS SAFEGUARDSRECOMMENDATIOS 1.2 control system failures 1.2.1. Battery monitoring failure Internal failureNo voltage cell or temperature or module measurement Thermal Runaway Pack controller will shut down pack, and alarm to PMS 1.2.1 Charger/ discharger convertor failure Internal failureNo proper charge/discharge current control and voltage control Thermal Runaway Pack controller will shut down pack, and alarm to PMS 1.2.3 Temperature sensor failure Internal failureTemperature can be high without knowing Thermal Runaway Pack controller will shut down pack, and alarm to PMS 1.2.4 voltage sensor failure Internal failureVoltage can be high without knowing Thermal Runaway Pack controller will shut down pack, and alarm to PMS

13. Class approval of Systems of Unconventional Design –Hybrid and Battery Designs 07 October 2015 Besides the actual identification of hazards, LR also looks on the quality of the risk assessment: Is there a report ready for review? Is it structured and well explained? Is there a clear scope of the risk assement study? Who attended the HAZID and what are their qualifications? DO they have a satisfactory level of knowledge and experience on the matter? Has enough time been used to carry out the HAZID? Is the time recorded? Which method has been used to identify the hazards and causes? Where the estimation of consequence and likelihood and hence risk appropriate? Has the report been independently revieved prior to presentation for LR? Risk Assessment on Batteries - ARBD review START END Design and Safety Statement Risk Assessment Criteria Satisfied NO Revision and Supporting Studies Final Design Assessment YES

14. Class approval of Systems of Unconventional Design –Hybrid and Battery Designs 07 October 2015 Lloyd’s Register’s approach to Hybrid Power Systems and Battery Energy Storage

15. Lloyd’s Register and variants of it are trading names of Lloyd’s Register Group Limited, its subsidiaries and affiliates. Copyright © Lloyd’s Register [Entity]. 2013. A member of the Lloyd’s Register group. Jacob Munk Plum Surveyor, Electrical Department Copenhagen Technical Support Office Lloyd’s Register EMEA Strandvejen 104 A, 2., DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark E jacob.plum@lr.orgjacob.plum@lr.org Working together for a safer world QUESTIONS ?