1. An illustration of EVS-GTR Battery System Test Project and Test Methods’ Adaption to Commercial Vehicles Peter Wu, BYD

2. 1 2 3 4 5 CONTENTS Introduction Current situation of related standards
Case analysis 4
EVS-GTR draft analysis 5
Conclusion

3. Introduction About EVS-GTR
For electric drive road vehicles, EVS-GTR is an important standard, which is related to safety performance and RESS(rechargeable energy storage system). From the perspective of principle and technique, EVS-GTR made clear safety requirements and test methods for cars and RESS in two processes: in the process of using and after collision. In addition, safety requirements and test methods for RESS are stipulated in EVS-GTR.

4. Introduction Heavy-duty Electric Commercial Vehicles
Heavy-duty electric commercial vehicles(e.g. e-buses, electric industrial vehicles) play an important role in road vehicles. For the principle of voltage platform , electrical system and RESS, there are no differences between heavy-duty electric commercial vehicles and passenger cars .
As an important standard for electric drive road vehicles related to safety performance and RESS, EVS-GTR should cover heavy-duty electric commercial vehicles(e.g. e-buses, electric industrial vehicles) , and provide with guidance in the process of design and manufacturing.

5. Current situation of related standards
Electric Commercial Vehicles are now in the scope of current international standards for electric vehicles.
1. ISO :Electically propelled road vehicles-safety specifications
Part 1: On-board rechargeable energy storage system
It is a file specifically aimed at on-board energy storage device of electric road vehicle. It has made specific and detailed requirements on these test items below and test methods: isolation resistance, clearance and creep age distance, requirements for the emission of hazardous gases and other hazardous substances, heat generation from RESS, over-current interruption, specific RESS crash-test requirements of electric vehicle storage system.
Apparently, electric commercial vehicles are involved in ISO

6. Current situation of related standards
Electric Commercial Vehicles are now in the scope of current international standards for electric vehicles.
2. Addendum 99: Regulation No Revision 1/ Revision 2: Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to specific requirements for the electric power train
It is a standard specifically aimed at electric vehicle structure and functional safety . It has made specific and detailed requirements on these test items below and test methods: vibration, thermal shock and cycling, mechanical impact, fire resistance, external short circuit protection, overcharge protection, over-discharge protection, over-temperature protection, emission.
Apparently, electric commercial vehicles are involved in Addendum 99: Regulation No Revision 1/ Revision 2.

7. Current situation of related standards
Electric Commercial Vehicles are now in the scope of current international standards for electric vehicles.
3. UL 2580 : Standard for Safety for Batteries for Use In Electric Vehicles
It is a specialized security requirements for electric vehicle energy storage system. There are clear requirements and test methods for energy storage system and cell level, overcharge, short circuit, over discharge protection temperature, imbalanced charging test, dielectric voltage withstand test, isolation resistance test, continuity test failure of cooling/thermal stability system test, rotation test vibration endurance test, shock test, drop test, crush test, and it has been included commercial vehicles
As a result, electric commercial vehicles are involved in UL 2580.

8. Current situation of related standards
NAME OF THE STANDARDS
COUNTRY/AREA
SCOPE
IF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WAS INCLUDED
ISO ：:Electically propelled road vehicles-safty specifications
international
Battery-electric vehicles/fuel-cell vehicles/hybrid electric vehicles
YES
Addendum 99: Regulation No Revision 1/ Revision 2: Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to specific requirements for the electric power train
Europe
Road vehicles of categories M and N1, with a maximum design speed exceeding 25km/h
UL 2580 : Standard for Safety for Batteries for Use In Electric Vehicles
U.S
electrical energy storage assemblies such as battery packs and combination battery pack-electrochemical capacitor assemblies and the subassembly/modules that make
up these assemblies for use in electric-powered vehicles as defined in this standard.
GB/T Electrically propelled road vehicles - Safety specifications
China
Electric vehicles

9. telecommunications lithium iron phosphate battery
Case analysis
Take electric buses and electric cars from some company for example:
Similarities:
1、DC voltage of vehicle energy storage system：60V~1500V;
2、Requirements of electrical performance are the same;
3、Energy storage systems: telecommunications lithium iron phosphate battery.
Difference: PACK quantity and PACK arrangement.
electric CAR
electric BUS
Battery type
telecommunications lithium iron phosphate battery
Cell voltage
3.2V
Voltage
320V
540V
Battery capacity
250Ah*1 pack
250Ah*3 packs
Charging power
0.5C
PACK number 1 3

10. Case analysis Battery arrangement on cars and buses
RESS on commercial vehicles
cells in series/parallel —module
modules in series — PACK
RESS includes: one or more PACK in parallel, along with additional equipments
Each PACK, along with additional devices compose an independent system.
For RESS function and principle, there is no difference for car and buses.
The differences are electric quantity of each PACK, PACK quantity and PACK arrangement. 10

11. EVS-GTR draft analysis
Test items and test methods on EVS draft:
1、 Vibration
It can be replaced by subsystem. For commercial vehicles, vibration test can be done individually on each PACK or multi-PACK, which can fully satisfy the requirements of this test method.
2、Thermal shock and cycling
It can be replaced by subsystem . For commercial vehicles, this test can be done on modules or individual PACK instead of RESS, which can fully satisfy the requirements of test method.
3、 Fire resistance
This test is not required if the lowest surface of RESS casing is more than 1.5m above ground. And if the height is less than 1.5m, this test can be done by the supplier. For commercial vehicles, this test can be done on module or individual PACK instead of RESS, which can fully satisfy the requirements of test method
4、 External short circuit protection
It can be replaced by subsystem. For commercial vehicles, this test can be done individually on each module, each PACK or multi-PACK, which can fully satisfy the requirements of this test method.

12. EVS-GTR draft analysis
Test items and test methods on EVS draft:
5、Overcharge protection
It can be replaced by subsystem. For commercial vehicles, this test can be done individually on each cell, each module or each PACK, which can fully satisfy the requirements of this test method.
6、Over-discharge protection
7、 Over-temperature protection
It can be replaced by subsystem. For commercial vehicles, this test can be done individually on each PACK or multi-PACK, which can fully satisfy the requirements of this test method.

13. Conclusion
After analyzing related standards and EVS draft, we can get:
According to international main standards about safety of electric vehicles and RESS, there are no difference between commercial vehicles and passenger cars.
All the test items about RESS on commercial vehicles can satisfy its requirement except the collision.
In consideration of current situation of electric vehicles market, battery types, electrical system and voltage platform of electric commercial vehicles and electric passenger cars are the same.
In conclusion, we suggest that EVS-GTR Battery System Test Project and Test Methods can apply to electric commercial vehicles.

14. Thanks！