1. Session 19

2. How Evolution Happens? Millions of years of mutations add new information Selection Process Amoeba Man

3. Biology Textbook “Darwin not only demonstrated that evolution has occurred but also proposed its principal mechanism – natural selection. The key factor in natural selection is the environment. The environment presents challenges that individuals with particular traits can better overcome. Thus, the environment ‘selects’ which organisms will survive and reproduce more often…. Mutation is the source for new variation.”

4. Evolution Upward progression Critical Factor

5. No change No evolution Disease No evolution Add information Produce more offspring that survive DetrimentalNeutralBeneficialDetrimentalNeutral Beneficia l Detrimental Neutral

6. About 4 in 10,000 of known mutations are presumed to be beneficial. However, these are only beneficial in a very narrow sense since they involve a loss of function. Not one of these mutations unambiguously created new information. Jerry Bergman, Ph.D. Human Biology, (Research on the deterioration of the genome and Darwinism: why mutations result in the degeneration of the genome), 2004. C Jerry Bergman, Ph.D. Human Biology, (Research on the deterioration of the genome and Darwinism: why mutations result in the degeneration of the genome), 2004. Cited in Genetic Entropy and the Mystery of the Genome John Sanford,, 2005, p. 26.

7. A Mathematical Problem for Evolution: Related Mutations Mutations occur about every 1 in 10 million duplications 1 in 10,000,000

8. A Mathematical Problem for Evolution: Related Mutations Two related mutations: 10 7 x 10 7 = 10 14 Three related mutations: 10 21 (one in a billion trillion) (1 in 100 Trillion) Four related mutations: 10 28 1 in 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

9. Natural Selection What is it?

10. What Is Natural Selection? Charles Darwin “It may be said that natural selection is daily and hourly scrutinising, throughout the world, every variation, even the slightest; rejecting that which is bad, preserving and adding up all that is good; silently and insensibly working, whenever and wherever opportunity offers.” Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, 1859, p. 84.

11. What Is Natural Selection? “Over a long period of time, natural selection can lead to evolution. Helpful variations gradually accumulate in a species, while unfavorable ones disappear.” Life Sciences, Prentice Hall, 2002, p. 151. (seventh grade textbook)

12. Natural Selection “Natural selection is a mechanism by which populations adapt and evolve. In its essence, it is a simple statement about rates of reproduction and mortality: Those individual organisms who happen to be best suited to an environment survive and reproduce most successfully.” www.amnh.org/exhibitions/past-exhibitions/darwin/evolution-today/how-does-natural-selection-work

13. An Example of Natural Selection and Evolution Source: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4

14. Natural Selection: Two FACTS  Since natural selection would only be a “selection” process it could not add any new information.  Natural selection could only “select” from information that already exists.  Since natural selection would only be a “selection” process it could not add any new information.  Natural selection could only “select” from information that already exists.

15. Critical Thinking and Natural SelectionNatural Caused by nature (natural processes) SelectionSelector(Intelligence)

16. Natural Selection: The Real Meaning Douglas Futuyma (professor of evolutionary biology), “Natural Selection: How Evolution Works,” http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/futuyma.html. “Natural selection is a very simple natural mechanism that explains the appearance of design in living things.”

17. Natural Selection Exposure interface Pre- programmed information

18. What causes the car to adjust the accelerator? Sensor

19. What causes the plane to adjust its height? Ground Radar

20. 3 Questions About Natural Selection 1. What is it that natural selection actually does and how does it work? 2. Selection implies intelligence. Who or what is the intelligence doing the selection? 3. Is there any observational evidence for where the vast amount of information in DNA came from that does not require me to use faith? 1. What is it that natural selection actually does and how does it work? 2. Selection implies intelligence. Who or what is the intelligence doing the selection? 3. Is there any observational evidence for where the vast amount of information in DNA came from that does not require me to use faith?

21. What Is Natural Selection? It is an artificial mechanism devised by man to replace the power and intelligence of God. According to evolutionists the design in all life comes from: God Evolution Natural Selection

22. ProgrammedAdaptability (Intelligent Designer) Created by God for a purposeCreated by God for a purpose Information pre- programmed into DNAInformation pre- programmed into DNA Environmental changes (hot, cold, high altitude…)

23.  We can adapt from our sinful nature to become more Christ-like.  We can adapt from our self-centered ways and respond to our Creator.  We can adapt from our bondage in sin to become free in Jesus Christ.  We can adapt to a new set of rights.  We can adapt from our sinful nature to become more Christ-like.  We can adapt from our self-centered ways and respond to our Creator.  We can adapt from our bondage in sin to become free in Jesus Christ.  We can adapt to a new set of rights. Adaptability

24. Adapt: New Rights John 1:12 But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, to those who believe in His name:

25. Adapt: New Citizenship Philippians 3:20 For our citizenship is in heaven, from which we also eagerly wait for the Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ,