1. Vocabulary Review 22 Words
Unit 2 “Cells & Viruses”
Vocabulary Review
22 Words

2. Double-membrane organelle that captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis.

3. Chloroplast
Double-membrane organelle that captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis.

4. A solution that has a lower concentration of solute outside than inside the cell, causing water to flow into the cell by osmosis.
* Swell or Explode*

5. Hypotonic
A solution that has a lower concentration of solute outside than inside the cell, causing water to flow into the cell by osmosis.
* Swell or Explode*

6. In eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA.

7. Nucleus
In eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA.

8. Regulation of an organism’s internal environment to maintain conditions needed for life.
* Stable/balanced*

9. Homeostasis
Regulation of an organism’s internal environment to maintain conditions needed for life.
* Stable/balanced*

10. Highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic cells that is the site for protein and lipid synthesis and transports substances throughout cell.

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic cells that is the site for protein and lipid synthesis and transports substances throughout cell.

12. Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

13. Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

14. Membrane-bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials such as food, enzymes, and waste.

15. Vacuole
Membrane-bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials such as food, enzymes, and waste.

16. Energy-requiring process by which substances move across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient.
* Walking up a hill*

17. Active Transport
Energy-requiring process by which substances move across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient.
* Walking up a hill*

18. Manufactures proteins.

19. Manufactures proteins.
Ribosome
Manufactures proteins.

20. Flexible, selectively permeable boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell.

21. Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Flexible, selectively permeable boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell.

22. In plants, (& bacteria & fungi) the rigid barrier that surrounds the outside of the cell membrane, is made of cellulose (chitin), and provides support and protection to the cell.

23. Cell Wall
In plants, (& bacteria & fungi) the rigid barrier that surrounds the outside of the cell membrane, is made of cellulose (chitin), and provides support and protection to the cell.

24. Net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

25. Diffusion
Net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

26. Flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles and transports them to other organelles or out of the cell.

27. Golgi Apparatus
Flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles and transports them to other organelles or out of the cell.

28. Passive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma
(cell) membrane by transport proteins.
*No Energy*

29. Facilitated Diffusion
Passive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma
(cell) membrane by transport proteins.
*No Energy*

30. Organism with a nucleus and organelles

31. Organism with a nucleus and organelles
Eukaryote
Organism with a nucleus and organelles

32. A solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of water.

33. Isotonic
A solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of water.

34. Membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel (food) into energy (ATP) that is available to the rest of the cell.

35. Mitochondria
Membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel (food) into energy (ATP) that is available to the rest of the cell.

36. A solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside a cell, causing water to leave the cell by osmosis.
* Shrivel or Shrink*

37. Hypertonic
A solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside a cell, causing water to leave the cell by osmosis.
* Shrivel or Shrink*

38. Vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn-out cellular substance and food.

39. Lysosome
Vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn-out cellular substance and food.

40. Nonliving strand of genetic material that cannot replicate on its own, has a nucleic acid core, a protein coat, and can invade cells and alter cellular function.

41. Virus
Nonliving strand of genetic material that cannot replicate on its own, has a nucleic acid core, a protein coat, and can invade cells and alter cellular function.

42. Microscopic, unicellular organism without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

43. Prokaryote
Microscopic, unicellular organism without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

44. Outer protein layer/coat that surrounds the genetic material of a virus.

45. Capsid
Outer protein layer/coat that surrounds the genetic material of a virus.

46. The End