1. Contemporary Science Issues Lesson 10: Chemical warfare – are you protected? Card sort – Materials and Chemicals (4 per A4 page) © 2006 Gatsby Technical Education Projects

2. Material: Rubber Mesh Size: 0.2nm Mass per metre squared: 1kg COLOUR of Material: A variety of colours Material: Wool Mesh Size: 100,000,000nm Mass per metre squared: 250g COLOUR of Material: A variety of colours Material: Cotton Mesh Size: 59,000,000nm Mass per metre squared: 100g COLOUR of Material: A variety of colours Material: Paper Mesh Size: 74,000,000nm Mass per metre squared: 80g COLOUR of Material: A variety of colours

3. Material: Londstone breathable Mesh Size: 0.6nm Mass per metre squared: 150g COLOUR of Material: only available in white and green Material: Goodflo Mesh Size: 0.7nm Mass per metre squared: 85g COLOUR of Material: A variety of colours Material: Judcale strong Mesh Size: 0.3nm Mass per metre squared: 300g COLOUR of Material: only available in gold or green Material: Shimle Mesh Size: 2000nm Mass per metre squared: 75g COLOUR of Material: only available in black

4. Chemical Agent: Mustard gas, (S(CH2CH2Cl)2 EFFECTS: A BLISTER AGENT Agent burns skin, eyes and lungs as it is absorbed, causing large blisters on skin and inside lungs and windpipe. STATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE: At room temperature, mustard gas is a liquid which gives off a vapour, but it can also be made into an aerosol or dust. MOLECULE SIZE: 1.692 nm Chemical Agent: Hydrogen cyanide EFFECTS: BLOOD AGENT Reduces the body’s ability to carry oxygen, particularly affects the lungs and heart, only takes minutes to stop the heart. STATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE: A colourless gas. MOLECULE SIZE: 0.859 nm Chemical Agent: Concentrated Hydrochloric acid EFFECTS: corrosive to the skin STATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE: Liquid MOLECULE SIZE: 0.605 nm Chemical Agent: Hydrogen cyanide EFFECTS: BLOOD AGENT Reduces the body’s ability to carry oxygen, particularly affects the lungs and heart, only takes minutes to stop the heart. STATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE: A colourless gas. MOLECULE SIZE: 0.859 nm

5. Chemical Agent: Sarin EFFECTS: NERVE AGENT Damages synapses so that nerve impulses cannot be sent. STATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE: Gas. MOLECULE SIZE: 1.341 nm Chemical Agent: Variola Virus EFFECTS: A virus that causes smallpox. A brief rash on the upper body followed by general malaise, fever, muscle stiffness, vomiting, headache, backache with delirium occurring in about 15% of cases. Can be fatal. STATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE: Air-borne virus. MOLECULE SIZE: 220 nm Chemical Agent: Carbon dioxide A waste gas from the process of respiration, which occurs in the mitochondria of cells to produce energy STATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE: A colourless gas MOLECULE SIZE: 0.556 nm Chemical Agent: Oxygen A gas needed for the process of respiration, which occurs in the mitochondria of cells to produce energy STATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE: A colourless gas. MOLECULE SIZE: 0.384 nm

6. Chemical Agent: Water A waste gas from the process of respiration, which occurs in the mitochondria of cells to produce energy. STATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE: A colourless gas MOLECULE SIZE: 0.536 nm Chemical Agent: Anthrax Anthrax comes from the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Cutaneous anthrax, if it comes into contact with the skin, can cause ulcers: rarely fatal. If Anthrax is inhaled it can cause respiratory problems (fatal) STATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE: If present in large quantities looks like a fine white powder MOLECULE SIZE: 1000000 nm