1. Do Now:
“The capitalist class will never give up the ownership of the means of production peacefully. Workers should band together and overthrow the owners and secure for themselves the right to ownership. Inevitably, the workers will win.”
- Karl Marx, “The Communist Manifesto” 1848

3. Pure Capitalism:
You have two cows. You take care of them and sell the extra milk. With the money you buy a bull. Eventually you have more cows, more milk to sell, and more money for yourself.

4. Pure Communism:
There are two cows. You and your neighbors take care of them. The government takes the milk and equally distributes it to everyone.

5. Uses farm animals to tell the story of the Russian Revolution.
Russian Revolution was first successful communist revolution in the world.
Russia was renamed the Soviet Union and had a “communist” government until 1991.

6. Key Word:
Satire: the use of mockery and/or humor to attack or ridicule something that the author considers foolish, flawed, or wrong.

7. I. Key Elements of Satire:
1. Humor: Satire is meant to be funny! Humor lets the satirist approach a serious subject in a way that doesn’t sound preachy.
2. Criticism: either general criticism of human nature or a specific criticism of an individual, group, or belief system.
3. A Moral Voice: simply criticizing something is not satire – a satirist wants to inspire positive change by exposing flaws and getting people to correct them.

8. II. Techniques of Satire:
1. Caricature: An exaggerated portrayal of the weaknesses, frailties, or humorous aspects of an individual, group, or belief system.
2. Verbal Irony: a writer says one thing, but means another.
3. Dramatic Irony: when the reader/audience knows something that the characters do not.
4. Situational Irony: when you try to accomplish one thing and end up with the opposite result.
5. Exaggeration/Hyperbole: to take something and make it so over the top that its faults can be seen.
6. Reduction: to belittle or degrade a person, group, or belief system, often through the use of animal imagery.

9. Caricature

10. Verbal Irony "The cake is as soft as concrete"
"Water is as clear as mud"
"Isn't it as pleasant as a root canal?“
You got completely drenched in rain and scoff at your wet clothes while your friends says, "lucky you“

11. Dramatic Irony
Two people are engaged to be married but the audience knows that the man is planning to run away with another woman.
In a scary movie, the character walks into a house and the audience knows the killer is in the house.
Sometimes a person is in disguise and the other character talks with him as if he is someone else. Since this is known by the audience, it adds to the humor of the dialogue.
In Romeo and Juliet, Romeo thinks Juliet is dead and the audience knows she is not.
In Breaking Bad, the audience knows Walter White is the meth dealer “Heisenberg,” while his brother in law, DEA Agent Hank Schrader, doesn’t know.

12. Situational Irony
Every country thought WWI would be over in less than a year, but they ended up with four years of brutal trench warfare.
Two people decide to get divorced. During the court proceedings, they fall madly back in love and decide not to get divorced.
A man swerves his car to avoid hitting a cat and ends up hitting a dog instead.
You cheat off a person’s test next to you to get a better score, but it is a different version of the test and you fail.

13. Hyperbole/ Exaggeration
I am so hungry I could eat a horse.
I have a million things to do.
I had a ton of homework.
If I can’t buy that new game, I will die.
He is as skinny as a toothpick.
That new car costs a bazillion dollars.

14. Reduction
In Animal Farm, Soviet dictator Josef Stalin is represented by a pig.

15. III. Satire in Animal Farm
Animal Farm is a satire of communism in the Soviet Union (Russia was renamed the Soviet Union after a Communist Revolution in 1917, after communism collapsed in 1991, it went back to being called Russia).
In pure communism, all goods and services are supposed to be shared equally. However, in the Soviet Union, pure communism was never established. The Communist Party became corrupt and became the privileged classes that they claimed to be overthrowing.
George Orwell, the author, uses animals to represent different groups in Russian society and criticize how the communists abandoned their principles and became corrupt.

16. IV: Example of Satire: “A Modest Proposal,” by Jonathan Swift
• Written in 1729 by Jonathan Swift.
• He believed England was exploiting Ireland.
• Many Irishmen worked farms owned by Englishmen who charged high rents–so high that the Irish were frequently unable to pay them.
• Consequently, many Irish farming families lived on the edge of starvation.
• Good example of verbal irony and exaggeration.
• Swift proposes that at age one, Irish babies be sold as food to the English. That way, Irish families will have a source of income and the English will have a new, nutritious food source.

17. “I have been told by a knowledgeable American that a year-old-infant is a ‘most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled ’ Therefore, I suggest that of the 120,000 new infants of poor parents, 20,000 be reserved for breeding and the rest be sold to people of quality. Therefore, this food would be very proper for Landlords, who as they have already devoured most of the Parents, seem to have the best claim to the Children."