1. Explain the impact of WWI on American life.

2. World War I Origins Allies: France, Britain, Russia Central Powers: Germany, Austria FOUR MAIN CAUSES –Militarism – army/navy build-up –Alliances – common defense guarantees –Imperialism – competition for lands –Nationalism – overdeveloped pride WWI began in Europe in 1914 and president Woodrow Wilson vowed to keep America neutral (foreign policy prior to WWI) Why would Woodrow Wilson’s America want to stay neutral?

3. Inventions of WWI New technologies! –Tanks, machine guns, poison gas, flamethrowers, airplanes. Resulted in a huge expansion of the military tactic known as trench warfare By the end, WWI became the most deadly war in history.

4. America Ends Neutrality In 1915, the Lusitania was sunk by German u- boats –This was Unrestricted Submarine Warfare. USW would provoke the U.S. The sinking would arouse public anger against Germany, NOT declare war. –Greatest impact on American lives. In 1917, the German Zimmerman Note to Mexico enraged Americans In 1917, Russia’s communist revolution pulled them out of the war

5. Great Migration WWI created lots of industrial jobs in the cities of the NE and MW African Americans moved North by the thousands into urban areas to fill newly available industrial jobs. Why would African Americans be eager to leave the South?

6. Great Migration BeforeDuring

7. Great Migration After

9. Espionage & Sedition Acts Fear of dangers amongst us led the government to pass these acts in 1917 Communicating any info that would interfere with military operations or help our enemies would be a criminal offense What might be Constitutionally problematic about these wartime laws?

11. Espionage Act

12. Eugene V. Debs Labor union leader (Pullman Strike!) and Socialist presidential candidate in 1904, 1908, 1912 Gave a speech that was considered an attempt to obstruct military recruiting and got TEN years in jail

14. Fourteen Points America had put the Allies over the top to win WWI in just over one year of fighting President Woodrow Wilson had a plan to avoid future wars and as the war came to an end it was proposed to define postwar objectives: –#1: Open Diplomacy –#2: Freedom of the Seas –#3: Equal Access to Trade –#4: Disarmament –#5: National Self-Determination –#14: International Peace-Keeping Group (main goal) Wilson supported the points to prevent another global conflict.

15. Wilson’s 14 Points 1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at"). 2. Free navigation of all seas. 3. An end to all economic barriers between countries. 4. Countries to reduce weapon numbers. 5. All decisions regarding the colonies should be impartial 6. The German Army is to be removed from Russia. Russia should be left to develop her own political set-up. 7. Belgium should be independent like before the war. 8. France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine 9. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy's borders are to "along clearly recognizable lines of nationality." 10. Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria-Hungary. 11. Self-determination and guarantees of independence should be allowed for the Balkan states. 12. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non-Turks in the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves. 13. An independent Poland should be created which should have access to the sea. 14. A League of Nations should be set up to guarantee the political and territorial independence of all states.

16. Treaty of Versailles One of the peace treaties at the end of WWI –Ended the war between Germany and the Allied Powers Congress was concerned that it would override with American interests. It merely created a short-lived, unstable peace. Punished Germany.

18. League of Nations Wilson’s 14 th point was the most controversial – and unpopular at home Isolationists in America feared the League The Senate refused to ratify the treaty including the League of Nations Wilson campaigned heavily across the country for the League, but the US never bought into the international peace-keeping group Why would isolationists fear joining the League of Nations?

20. Checking for Understanding (1)What were the four main causes of WWI? (2)Why did America enter WWI? (3)How did WWI change African American lives? (4)How did WWI change women’s lives? (5)Why was the Espionage and Sedition Act viewed as unconstitutional? (6)What rule did Eugene Debs break? (7) What was Woodrow Wilson’s 14 th point going to create? (8)Why would isolationist fear joining the League of Nations?

21. Isolationism After WWI was over and Wilson left the presidency, America craved a return to normalcy in the 1920s –For many, this meant a rejection of external political trends, international trade and more of a focus on domestic issues It has been said that WWI killed progressivism in the US…if so, what should we expect of government in the 1920s?

22. 18 th Amendment Social changes born out of WWI had big impacts on the ROARING TWENTIES The 18 th Amendment brought something many Americans had wanted for a long time --- prohibition –“the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors illegal” Americans will resist the law, leading to a rise of gangster warfare. Who might benefit from this new law that the government had not intended?

26. 19 th Amendment Ratification of the 19 th Amendment also had been a long fight Women were finally given the right to vote, in part thanks to their economic contributions during WWI This would cause votes to rise substantially because women could vote. What had women done during WWI? What should we expect of the “Twenties woman”?

27. Crash Course!! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5 9wErqg4Xg&index=31&list=PL8dPuuaLj XtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7shttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5 9wErqg4Xg&index=31&list=PL8dPuuaLj XtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s

28. Standard 16 a. Explain how rising communism and socialism in the United States led to the Red Scare and immigrant restriction. b. Identify Henry Ford, mass production, and the automobile. c. Describe the impact of radio and the movies. d. Describe modern forms of cultural expression; include Louis Armstrong and the origins of jazz, Langston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance, Irving Berlin, and Tin Pan Alley.

29. Between the war

30. Socialism & Communism In the late 1800s, socialism was born out of workers’ calls for better lives Communism evolved out of socialism –Abolish private ownership –Social classes would be leveled across the board –All property is owned by the government –Capitalism will be destroyed Russia became the Soviet Union after a communist (Bolshevik) revolution Why were Americans afraid of communism?

31. Red Scare The fear of international communism flooding over American borders –(RED = the color of the Soviet flag) –There was a perceived threat of a Communist revolution in the U.S. The US government started to increase anti-communist police raids against suspected immigrants.

32. Palmer Raids Between 1919-20, the Department of Justice intended to capture, arrest and deport radical leftist. –Anarchist –Caused? Bolshevik Revolution! This occurred due to the FIRST Red Scare.

34. Immigration Restrictions Nativism was reborn again in the 1920s –So was the Ku Klux Klan, and not just in the South Americans felt superior to immigrants –They felt their culture was better and had to be protected from outside influences Catholics, Jews, Immigrants, etc. The government responded to this with immigration restriction acts like the Emergency Quota Act What is a “quota”?

36. Jazz Jazz combined themes and patterns developed by slaves, New Orleans musicians, and many other sources –It also emphasized improvisation It brought African American writers and artists to the mainstream quickly What themes should we expect to find in Jazz music?

37. Harlem Renaissance The Great Migration had brought African Americans to northern cities, crowded into these neighborhoods, African American culture became blended in mainstream American culture –Art, literature and music A blossoming of African American culture and arts in the 1920s Where is Harlem?

38. Louis Armstrong “Satchmo”/“Pops” played the trumpet One of the most famous jazz musicians of the 1920s Born in New Orleans, began playing with the Creole Jazz Band Moved to Chicago & New York to play How does Armstrong’s life mimic the Great Migration?

39. What a Wonderful World https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3 yCcXgbKrE

40. Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance’s most famous poet, wrote about the lives of working- class African Americans, along with their pride and hope. Sometimes set his words to the tempo of jazz or the blues What could his voice actually do for African Americans during the 1920s?

41. Harlem Speaks A Living History of the Harlem Renaissance (1)Langston Hughes “The Weary Blues” (2)Langston Hughes “Mother to Son” (3)Langston Hughes “Dream Variation” (4)Zora Neale Hurston “Uncle Bud” (5)Bessie Smith “Mean Old Bed Bug Blues” (6)Louis Armstrong “I’m Not Rough” (7)Duke Ellington “The Creeper” (8)Ethel Waters/James P. Johnson “ Do What You Did Last Night” (9)WEB DuBois on his role & his desires (10)Marcus Garvey on the objectives of the UNIA

42. I, Too by Langston Hughes I, too, sing America. I am the darker brother. They send me to eat in the kitchen When company comes, But I laugh, And eat well, And grow strong. Tomorrow, I'll be at the table When company comes. Nobody'll dare Say to me, "Eat in the kitchen," Then. Besides, They'll see how beautiful I am And be ashamed-- I, too, am America.

43. Nas I can http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTqjThZei7U

46. Henry Ford The automobile would truly replace the horse in the 1920s The Ford Motor Company’s Model T was the most popular automobile –It was available in any color, so long as that color was black What other major industries would benefit from America’s new-found obsession with the automobile?

48. Mass Production The assembly line, used by Henry Ford, is what made the automobile and so many other industries so profitable in the 1920s American businesses were able to produce more…more efficiently, more quickly & more cheaply than before If America is producing more than ever before, what does that mean about American consumption of goods?

49. Popular Culture Radios brought news, sports, and entertainment straight to millions of American homes Movies helped create the first extremely popular media stars (and lifestyles) More entertainment next to television. The “roaring twenties” had extreme economic growth and activity.

50. Tin Pan Alley A musical movement rising in NYC “Tin Pan Alley” referred not only to a place in Manhattan, but the group of music writers who worked there Irving Berlin was one of the most famous composers, writing hundreds of popular songs, including “White Christmas,” “There’s No Business Like Show Business,” and “God Bless America” What does this all tell us about life during the 1920s?

51. Unit 8 SSUSH17 The student will analyze the causes and consequences of the Great Depression. A. Describe the causes, including overproduction, underconsumption, and stock market speculation that led to the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression. B. Explain factors (include over-farming and climate) that led to the Dust Bowl and the resulting movement and migration west. C. Explain the social and political impact of widespread unemployment that resulted in developments such as Hoovervilles.

52. Causes of the Great Depression Over Production Underconsumption Stock Market Crash Easy Credit and Loan Happy Banks

53. Stock Market Crash Banks issue loans to people to buy stocks, falsely inflating the market People paid for stocks at fractions of full-price, and the irresponsible market allowed it –buying stocks on margin October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday) the stock market crashed –$30 billion in a week ?

54. The Great Depression The stock market crash triggered other economic weaknesses 80% of US banks shut down 90,000 businesses declared bankruptcy Families fell apart, children went without education and proper nourishment Theft & violence were on the rise ?

55. Hoovervilles Americans found themselves homeless, living in sewer pipes and park benches Shantytowns, camps of shacks and tents, came together and were renamed for the president who got the blame https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8a UW8AF_qw ?

56. Unemployment When corporate profits fell, businesses had to cut workers Unemployment rose from 3% to 25% by 1932 –https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5IMbKd SAW7Y 300,000 hoboes traveled the countryside in search of work and relief ?

57. Dust Bowl In many ways, the folks on farms were better off than those in cities However, the extreme drought that carried the Great Plains region from 1933-1936 was truly brutal –Dry conditions & high winds made it impossible to farm –Over farming of soil led to depletion and ruined soil –Tenant farmers and sharecroppers were evicted from their lands, and headed west to California for work ?

58. High Times and Low Times Bessie Smith “Nobody knows you when you’re down and out” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FX8p tPn3P9Ihttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FX8p tPn3P9I Biggie Smalls “Juicy” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkT MHctHuBshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkT MHctHuBs

59. Dorothea Lange’s Migrant Mother

84. FDR & The New Deal American voters rejected Herbert Hoover and voted in Franklin D. Roosevelt Roosevelt delivered his “New Deal” for the American people, to help end the Depression He promised Relief, Recovery & Reform What are three specific problems of the Depression that FDR must face?

86. Relief, Recovery, Reform FDR’s New Deal did not cure all of America’s economic problems right away The “Three R’s” came in waves throughout the 1930s, FDR was constantly trying new things –The First Hundred Days of the New Deal –The Second New Deal –WWII mobilization Why would a president’s “first hundred days” matter to people?

87. Tennessee Valley Authority The very large TVA put people to work in 1933 building dozens of dams and power plants along the Tennessee River Controlling the environment by preventing disastrous floods Bringing electricity to many in rural regions that had not previous had it Employing hundreds What are the three ways in which the TVA helped?

89. Wagner Act Unions had suffered in the 1920s due to pro- business presidents and Red Scare distaste for them The Wagner Act (NLRA, 1935) established the right of unions to bargain collectively and prohibited employers’ abusive tactics The old AFL left many unskilled industrial workers out, and so the Congress of Industrial Organizations was formed How popular were labor unions in the Gilded Age? Progressive era? Roaring Twenties? 1930s?

90. (they will later merge into the AFL-CIO in 1955)

91. Social Security Act Passed in 1935 as another important part of the Second New Deal, to create three important programs –Old-age insurance –Unemployment compensation –Financial aid for the disabled Very relevant still today Does the SSA qualify as relief, recovery, or reform? why?

92. FDR’s NEW DEAL Tennessee Valley Authority Wagner Act Social Security Act Civilian Conservation Corps Emergency Banking Relief Act Works Progress Administration Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Agricultural Adjustment Act Home Owners Loan Corporation

93. Eleanor Roosevelt FDR’s wife Eleanor was the first very influential, very vocal First Lady Very interested in humanitarian and social progress –Involved in FDR’s domestic affairs She traveled all over the US and reported directly to FDR on what she saw around the Depressed nation Helped encourage FDR to appoint Frances Perkins to cabinet Was Eleanor’s role that of a foreign policy advisor, economic advisor, political advisor, or social advisor?

94. Opposition to the New Deal Some conservatives thought FDR made the government too large & too strong Some liberals thought FDR had not gone far enough nor done enough Huey Long of Louisiana may have been his loudest critic and proposed a program of Share Our Wealth clubs that would guarantee a home, an education, a job, food and clothes for every American If there are challengers saying that FDR isn’t doing enough, does that mean the New Deal isn’t working?

95. Court Packing Scheme In 1937, FDR tried to restructure the Supreme Court FDR wanted to add supporters to the Court so his New Deal programs would not be in jeopardy Congress did not meet FDR’s demands How would more justices keep FDR’s programs out of danger?

96. What is the setting of this cartoon? Who is the main character? Who is the secondary character? Describe the action in the cartoon. What is the cartoonist trying to argue? Is this cartoon showing FDR in a positive or negative light?