1. The Southern African Power Pool www.sapp.co.zw
The Power of Regional Interconnection in Africa and how it relates to Zimbabwe
Dr. Lawrence Musaba
SAPP Coordination Centre Manager
Powering Infrastructure Development in Zimbabwe
Harare, Zimbabwe
14-16 October 2015

2. CONTENTS Overview of the African Power Pools Why the Transmission Grid
2.1 Power Pooling
2.2 Energy Trading
Relevance to Zimbabwe
Conclusions

3. Overview of the African Power Pools
Africa has five (5) power pools named as follows:
The Central African Power Pool – PEAC (CAPP)
5ième réunion de coordination des Pools - COMELEC
East African Power Pool – EAPP
Southern African Power Pool - SAPP
West African Power Pool – WAPP

4. 1.1 PEAC (CAPP) General 2/9 10 Member States on Mainland Africa
Angola
(PRODEL, RNT, ENDE)
Congo
(SNE)
Gabon
(SGEE)
Tchad
(STEE)
Centrafrique
(ENERCA)
Cameroun
(AES-SONEL)
RD Congo
(SNEL)
Guinée Equat.
(SEGESA)
São Tomé
& Principe
(EMAE)
Burundi
(REGIDESO)
10 Member States on Mainland Africa
2 Member States outside of Mainland
Size: km 2
120 Million People
Installed Capacity: 4,667 MW
Potential Hydroelectric. : 148,765 MW
Regional Electrification: 13 %
2009
Adoption du Code
du Marché de l’électricité
de l’Afrique Centrale
2006
Etude préliminaire du
Marché de l’électricité
de l’Afrique Centrale
2004
Adoption
- projets PIP
- projets PPET
Projets Intégrateurs Prioritaires
Programme Pilote d’Electrification Transfrontalière
(1)
(2)
2003
Création PEAC
2/9

5. COMELEC has five (5) Member Countries as follows:
Morocco
Algeria
Tunisia
Libya, and
Egypt

6. EAPP Proposed Transmission Projects
Member Countries
Burundi,
DRC,
Egypt,
Ethiopia,
Kenya,
Rwanda,
Sudan,
Tanzania
Uganda
Libya
EAPP Proposed Transmission Projects
Uganda –DRC Interconnection 220KV
Uganda- South Sudan Interconnection (400 kV)
Uganda- Tanzania (Masaka - Mwanza 220KV)
Ethiopia-Sudan–Egypt 500kV AC & 600kV DC
Ethiopia – South Sudan 230 kV
Tanzania-Uganda (1,280 – 1,640 MW)
Uganda – DRC (771 – 937 MW)
Uganda – South Sudan (389 – 886MW)
DRC – Rwanda (300 MW)
Rwanda – Tanzania (1,000 MW)
Population ~ 340 Million
Consumption ~ 200TWh

7. PLANNED EAPP TRANSMISSION PROJECTS - 2018
LIBYA

8. Existing & Committed (MW)
Regional Power Master Plan, Existing and New Generation Projects
Type of Generation
Existing & Committed (MW)
Model-Based (MW)
Natural gas
28,043
54,152
Hydro
2,129
15,193
Coal
3,254
2,657
Oil
4,148
313
Geothermal
2,496
1,879
Wind
3,836 -
Other
1,697
Total
64,764
74,194

9. 1.4 SAPP 1.1 Geographic 12 SADC Member Countries 280 Million people
DR Congo
Tanzania
Zambia
Angola
Malawi
Zimbabwe
Mozambique
Botswana
Namibia
South Africa
Lesotho
Swaziland
12 SADC Member Countries
280 Million people
Regional Average Electricity growth rate 4.6% p.a.
Consumption 400TWh
Installed Capacity
58,608 MW
Available Capacity
52,589 MW
Operating Capacity
46,910 MW
Peak Demand
48,216 MW
Shortfall
8,247 MW

10. Transmission Projects
Dem Rep of Congo
Congo
Gabon
Luanda
Windhoek
Lusaka
Harare
Lilongwe
Nairobi
Dar es Salaam
Gaborone
Pretoria
Johannesburg
Cape Town
Maputo
Mbabane
Kinshasa
Brazzaville
Angola
Tanzania
Kenya
Mozambique
South Africa
Swaziland
Lesotho
Namibia
Zambia
Botswana
Zimbabwe
Malawi
Rwanda
Burundi H P T N
Hydro station
Pumped storage scheme
Thermal Station
Transmission Projects
Over USD 7 billion
would be required to
develop the identified
transmission projects
ZIZABONA
Zambia-Tanzania
Malawi-Mozambique
DRC-Zambia
Mozambique STE

11. TRANSMISSION PROJECTS
DRC
2015: 2nd DRC – Zambia 220 kV
2018: ZIZABONA kV
Tanzania
2018: Mozambique – Malawi 400 kV
2018: Zambia-Tanzania-Kenya 400 kV
Angola
Malawi
Zambia
2018: Morupule – Maun 400 kV
Zimbabwe
2020: MOZISA 400 kV
Namibia
2020: Botswana-RSA 400 kV
Mozambique
Botswana
2020: Namibia – Angola 400 kV
Swaziland
2020: Orapa – Pandamatenga 400 kV
Lesotho
2021: Mozambique STE – HVDC/AC
South Africa
2024: Grand Inga Transmission– HVDC/AC

12. 1.5 WAPP Member Countries Cape Verde Cote d’Ivoire Gambia Ghana
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea-Conakry
Liberia
Mali
Niger
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
Senegal
Togo
WAPP Priority Projects

13. Implementation Road Map
Coastal Trans Backbone Sub-program
Inter-Zonal Trans Hub Sub-program
North-core Trans Sub-program
OMVG/OMVS Development Sub-program
CLSG System Redevelopment Sub-program
Inter Zonal
Northcore
NIGERIA
NIGER
MALI
SENEGAL
GAMBIA
TOGO
GHANA
CÔTE D’IVOIRE
BURKINA FASO
BENIN
GUINEA BISSAU
GUINEA
OMVG-OMVS
SIERRA LEONE
LIBERIA
CLSG
Coastal Backbone
Implementation Road Map 13 13

14. Why the Transmission Grid
The grid is necessary to move power from one area to the other and hence promote trade and exchange of power from one region to the other.
The grid interconnects one country to the other and promotes economies of scale.
The grid promotes the sharing of resources

15. 2.1 Power Pooling
The transmission grid links utilities electricity production and facilitates the dispatch of excess capacity from one system to another.
Thus the output from different power plants is pooled, scheduled according to increasing marginal cost, and dispatched according to merit order to meet demand.
Benefits and platform created by power pooling include:
Increased security and reliability of supply
Provision of emergency support
Sharing spinning reserve capacity
Balancing generation mix (e.g. SAPP, 74% coal, 20% hydro, 4% nuclear, 2% gas/diesel)

16. 2.1 Power Pooling Improved sector investment environment
Aggregation of individual power markets
Improved access to creditworthy
Diversification
Reduced operating costs
Merit order dispatching
Balancing non-coincidental peak-loads
Optimization of generation resources
Reduced & deferred investment costs
Advantage of economies of scale
Reduced total reserve requirements (SAPP has managed from 20% to 10%)
Postponed investments in new peak power capacity
Reduced investment in hydro system

17. 2.2 Energy Trading
A good transmission grid enables energy trading which is facilitated by the fact that some members have excess power supply and others are in a deficit.
Energy trading can be used for balancing supply and demand.
Energy trading can also be used to reduce the cost of power on the grid by dispatching the cheaper power first in merit order.

18. Relevance to Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe is at the centre of the SAPP and receives the following benefits:
Import power from the region
Export excess power to the region & generate income
Receive wheeling income
Receive emergency support
Enjoy the benefits of cheaper resource sharing

19. Conclusion
The three building blocks that form the framework for successful regional power pools are as follows:
Durable Framework for System Planning & Operation
Power pool organisational structure
Interconnection planning framework
Systems operations framework
Equitable Commercial Framework for Energy Trading
Commercial rules of practice
Internal dispute resolution mechanism
Minimum capabilities of the system operator
Common Legal and Regulatory Framework
Intergovernmental MOU
Inter-Utility MOU
Regional Electricity Framework law
Regional Independent Regulator

20. Thank you for your attention