2. Programming Languages

3. IEC 1131 1979 :The International Electromechanical Commission assigned the research committee 65A to define a PLC standard. Objective :to meet the increasing complexity requirements of control and monitoring systems and the large number of PLCs which are incompatible with each other. Its contents : –IEC1131-1 :General information (1992). –IEC1131-2 :Specifications & equipment testing (1992). –IEC1131-3 : Programming languages (1993) –IEC1131-4 : Recommendation to the user. –IEC1131-5 :Message handling functions specifications.

4. IEC 1131-3 Instruction list IL structured Text ST Ladder Diagram LD Function Block FB Sequential Fn. Chart SFC This standard describes:- Two textual languages Two graphic languages A graphic chart

5. Instruction List (IL) +Series of instructions, each one must start on a new line. +One instruction = operator + one or more operations separated by commas. +Function Blocks lunched using a special operator. LabelOperatorOperationComment Run: LD%IX1 (*pushbutton*) ANDN%MX5 ST%QX2 (*run*)

6. Structured Text (ST) +Syntax similar to that of Pascal enabling a description of complex algorithmic structure +succession of statements for assigning variables, controlling functions and function blocks, using operators, repetition, conditional executions. +Function blocks launched using a special operator. J:=1 WHILE J<=100 & X1<>X2DO J:=J+2 END_WHILE

7. Ladder Diagram (LD) +Graphic elements organized in networks connected by power supply rails. +Elements used :contacts, coil, functions, function blocks control elements (jump, return, etc.) Start 1Start 2 Start 3 run

8. Function Block Diagram (FBD) +Representation of functions by blocks linked to each other. +Network evaluation :from the O/P of a function block to the I/P of the connected function block. & & >=1 run auto start manu cmd

9. Sequential Function Chart (SFC) +To describe sequential control function. +steps & transitions represented graphically by a block or literally. +Transition conditions in LD, FBD, IL or ST languages. +Actions associated with the steps :Boolean variables or a section of the program written in one of the five languages. +Association between action and steps in graphical or literal form. VA1 FILLSILO_VALVE NOT_FILL READY

10. LD Language - Graphic Elements N/O contact N/C contact Rising edge detection falling edge detection Direct coil Inverse coil Set coil Reset coil p s R N

11. LD Language - Rung Structure X columns Test zone Action zone Y lines

12. How a Ladder Rung is Executed Connected network = independent equation Connected network 1 %T1 %M0%M1 %M2 %M12 %M0%M5 %M3 %T1.D Connected network 3 Connected network 2 A network is executed from connected network, and within a connected network, in the direction of the equation: from top to bottom, line by line, and in each line from left to right

13. How a Ladder Rung is Executed Example %M0%M2 %I1.2 %M13 %MW2:X0 %M10 %M1 %M10 %M11 %M12 First coil evaluation (%M10) Second coil Evaluation (%M13) Third coil evaluation (%MW2:X0)