1. CONGITAL & VALVULAR HEART DISEASES Diseases Of Valves: -either stenosis or regurgitation -Congenital, Rhumatic, Degerative, Infective endocarditis,$ or Traumatic

2. Mitral Valve: Mitral valve prolapse: -5% of population, Congital -S&S: -mainly asymptomatic -systolic click & murmur,chest pain,systemic embolisation -predispose to infective endocarditis

3. Mitral Stenosis -rhumatic -pathophisiology:increase lt atrial press to overcome stenosis backpress pul congestion & hypertension -S&S: dyspnea, arrythmia, cough, haemoptesis, systemic embolization,taping apex, accentuated 1 st sound, opening snap, mid diastolic murmur, presystolic accentuation,promenant a wave - :CXR,ECG,ECHO,CATH -ttt: -medical :diuretics, digoxin, anticoagulant, prophylactic antibiotic -surgical

4. Mitral Regurgitation -rhumatic, infective, cardiomyopathy -Pathophysiology: backpress on lung & afterload on lt ventricle -S&S: 1st sound,pan syst. murmur radiates to axilla - :CXR,ECG,ECHO,CATH. -ttt: medicale &surgical

5. AORTIC VALVE : Aortic stenosis: -congenital, rhumatic, senile, -subvalvular, valvular& supravalvular -pathophysiolgy:lt vent. Failure & cardiac Outpot -S&S: syncope, angina,arrythmia, dyspnea, suden death,syst. Murmur radiates to neck, small volum pulse - -ttt: surgical

6. Aortic Regurgitation: -rhumatic,conginetal, infective -dialatation of 1st part of aorta :marfans, $ -pathopysiolgy: lt vent. dilatation then failure -S&S: pulsatile artries, wide pulse press palpitation, dyspnea, early diastolic murmur - -ttt:surgical

7. CONGENITAL HEART DIS. -Persistant ductus arteriosus -Coarctation of aorta -ASD -VSD -Fallot’s Tetrology