1. Palmer SEC: 62 Essential Question: What reforms did Napoleon III make to France?

2. * Louis Bonaparte * Born 1808 his uncle was Napoleon * His father had been King of Holland. * He wanted to recreate the empire * 1836 and 1840 he attempted to lead revolts both failed and he was arrested * 1846 he escaped from prison * He was seen as a man of the people and a supporter of order

3. * Bonaparte’s rise to power * After the June Days Cavaignac had become a virtual dictator * Assembly set out to draft a constitution * Wanted a strong executive branch due to all of the unrest * Choose to elect a president before constitution was finished * Bonaparte won the election in a landslide * He was the only name many recognized * Elimination of Socialists * May 1849 Constitutional Assembly was replaced by Legislative Assembly * 2/3 of the reps were Monarchists but they were divided * 1/3 were republicans but some were social republicans * June 1849 there was another socialist uprising in Paris * This was used to eliminate Socialists * 1850 vote was restricted/Press was restricted * 1850 Falloux Law put schools under the supervision of the government

4. * How was Bonaparte able to consolidate power Monarchist were too divided to threaten Bonaparte. Bonaparte had to win radicals Pushed for universal male suffrage in 1851 December 2, 1851 Dissolved Assembly The people of Paris tried to resist but were repressed December 20 th Bonaparte elected president for 10 years. A year later he proclaimed the Second French Empire and himself emperor Napoleon III

5. * Organization French Empire * Council of State: * Appointive Senate: * Legislative Body: Composed of experts who drafted legislation and advised on technical matters. Could only consult and were appointed by Napoleon III Elected by universal male suffrage but had no real power

6. * Saint-Simonians * Napoleon III’s socialist reforms Shaped economy with the invention of investment banking 1850’s created Crédit Mobilier Raised funds by selling its shares to the public Then would reinvest in areas it wished to develop Economy was strong Established hospitals and asylums Unions gained strength 1864 strikes became legal Creation for Free trade 1860 Free trade between England and France

7. * Internal Difficulties * External Difficulties Industrialists did not like the free trade treaties due to the increase on competition. Catholics did not like interference in Italy Depression in 1857 took awhile to recover from. War was the down fall for the second French Empire Almost continually at war from 1853-1870