1. The New Government Republicanism- government by the consent of the people- Republic- elected representatives, capable leaders Articles of Confederation- 1 st govt, alliance among the states- 1781- 1789 Federal govt could: make war, currency, postal service, each state one vote- States most of the power Wanted to avoid strong central govt (like British) Problems: debt to British, wont leave American forts, Spanish close Miss. River, high taxes, high debt, hard to change/ deal with problems, tariffs on trade between states, inflation- totally ineffective States cant agree on national problems- need 9 of 13 to agree Shay’s rebellion- farmers march on govt.- show weakness of govt

2. Forming the Constitution- 1787 Philadelphia- constitutional convention Throw out Articles of Confederation 3 Branches of Government- Checks and Balances- stop one branch from becoming to powerful. – Legislative= Congress, Executive=President, Judicial= Supreme courts (James Madison) Strong central govt- separated powers between central/ state Virginia plan- 2 house legislature, by population- New Jersey plan each state equal reps- The Great Compromise- one house by pop, House of Reps, other house equal reps, Senate. 3/5 Compromise- Slaves counted as 3/5 for population 1789Ratification- need at least 9 states- Federalists- for constitution, Anti-Federalist- against, (Federalist Papers) – Anti-fedearlists fear stong central govt, require protections for the people to be added, Bill of Rights – to protect them from govt

4. Constitution Outline Article 1- Legislative Senate- 2 from each state, every 6 years, 30 years old, 9 years a citizen live in state, power to try impeachments, ok treaties, presidents appointments House of Representatives- elected by districts within each state, every 2 years, 25 years old, 7 years citizen, # of reps according to population, power to impeach, tax bills, salary cant change powers- to make laws (starts as a bill), taxes, borrow money, declare war, regulate trade, elastic clause

5. Article 2- Executive term- 4 years, 35 years old, natural born citizen, 14 year resident, salary cant change, take an Oath, elected by Electoral college- same # of reps as congress chosen by people in state, Vice President- president of Senate- vote in case of tie, takes over is president dies Powers- commander in chief, foreign policy, appointments, veto legislation Can be impeached by House of Reps if breaks the law, tried by Senate

6. Article 3- Judiciary Article 4- states Article 5- Amendments Supreme Court- Judicial power over all cases in US- appellate and original jurisdiction Trial by Jury in state where committed Inferior courts- created by Congress Article 4- Relations among states Public acts, records, court findings in one state good in all Congress has authority and protects all states Article 5- Amendments Proposed by 2/3 of both houses or 2/3 of states ratified by ¾ of both houses or ¾ of both states

7. Article 6-7 Article 6- Supremacy of National Govt. Federal govt laws supreme over states Public officials must take an Oath to uphold Constitution Article 7- Ratification Need consent of 9 states Written in 1787, Ratified 1789 Bill Of Rights Rights of the people, 10 amendments, adopted 1791 – Speech, press, assembly, religion, bear arms, speedy, public trial by jury of peers with attorney, no quartering, search and seizure, etc