1. 1

2. 2. (G. gloutos, buttocks) transitional region between trunk & lower limbs

3. 3. Deep lateral rotators of the femur @ hip joint piriformis, obturator internus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, and quadratus femoris Superficial abduct and extend the hip gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, and gluteus maximus Deep lateral rotators of the femur @ hip joint piriformis, obturator internus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, and quadratus femoris Superficial abduct and extend the hip gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, and gluteus maximus

4. 4.

5. 5 Anterior surface of sacrum Sacrotuberous ligament Superior border of greater trochanter of femur

6. 6 Ischial spine Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones Ischial tuberosity Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur

7. 7 Ischial tuberosity Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it

8. 8. Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament Iliotibial tract & gluteal tuberosity of femur External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

9. 9. Muscles in the gluteal region mainly abduct, extend, and laterally rotate the femur abduct, extend, and laterally rotate the femur relative to the pelvic bone.

10. 10. Superior gluteal nerve Gluteus minimus & medius Tensor fascia latae Inferior gluteal nerve Gluteus maximus Nerve to the quadratus femoris Quadratus femoris Gemellus inferior Nerve to the obturator internus Obturator internus Gemellus superior Nerve to the piriformis Piriformis

11. 11 Between gluteus maximus & greater trochanter Present @ birth

12. 12. 1.Superior gluteal nerve 2.Inferior gluteal nerve 3.Sciatic nerve 4.Nerve to the quadratus femoris 5.Nerve to the obturator internus 6.Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh 7.Pudendal nerve

13. 13. tensor fasciae latae

14. 14. Superficial muscles Deep muscles lies just deep to gluteus maximus midpoint between ischial tuberosity & greater trochanter Enters thigh

15. 15.

16. 16. between posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh & pudendal nerve + GS

17. 17. Skin over the gluteal fold

18. 18.

19. 19. NerveOrigin (Contributing spinal nerves) CourseDistrubition Superior clunial nerves L1-L3 posterior rami Penetrate thoracodorsal fascia; course laterally and inferiorly in subcutaneous tissue Skin overlying superior and central parts of buttock Medial clunial nerves S1-S3 posterior rami Emerge from dorsal sacral foramina; directly enter overlying subcutaneous tissue Skin of medial buttock and intergluteal cleft Inferior clunial nerves Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S2-S3) Arise deep to gluteus maximus; emerge from beneath inferior border of muscle Skin of inferior buttock (overlying gluteal fold) SubcostalT12 anterior ramusCourses along inferior border of 12th rib; lateral cutaneous branch descends over iliac crest Lateral cutaneous branch supplies skin of hip region inferior to anterior part of iliac crest and anterior to greater trochanter IliohypogastricLumbar plexus (L1; occasionally T12) Parallels iliac crest; divides into lateral and anterior cutaneous branches Lateral cutaneous branch supplies superolateral quadrant of buttock Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh skin overlying the lower lateral quadrant of the buttock. Perforating cutaneous nerve skin over the medial aspect of the gluteus maximus.

20. 20.

21. 21.

22. 22. Lymph from deep tissue superior & inferior gluteal lymph nodes internal,external,common iliac lymph nodes lateral lumbar (aortic/caval) lymph nodes Lymph from superficial tissue superficial inguinal lymph nodes external iliac lymph nodes