1. UML and Object Modeling Elements
Longley et al., ch. 9
Zeiler, chs. 4 and 5, and 12
Review Zeiler ch. 1

2. Data Modeling for Spatial Analysis
What is spatial analysis?
"a set of methods whose results change when the locations of the objects being analyzed change"
Methods for working with spatial data
to detect patterns, anomalies
to find answers to questions
to test or confirm theories
deductive reasoning
to generate new theories and generalizations
Inductive reasoning

3. What is Spatial Analysis (cont.)
Methods for adding value to data
in doing scientific research
in trying to convince others
A collaboration between human and machine

4. Geodatabase Concepts ESRI's new data object-oriented data model
objects, features, behaviors
Feature class
stored in a relational table
special field for geometric shape
geometric data incorporated into the database
Point, multipoint, segment, path, ring, polyline, polygon,
Zeiler p. 114
no more division between ARC and INFO

5. Geodatabase Feature Geometries

6. Geodatabase Concepts ( cont. )
Feature class
Feature data set
contains feature classes
defines topological role of features
has a coordinate system
Geodatabase
collection of feature datasets, rasters, TINs
all data in relational tables
behavior is coupled with features through rules

7. Unified Modeling Language
Entity-relationship diagrams
Design methodologies, diagram notations
UML
Not a design methodology
Just a diagrammatic notation
Endorsed by leading software and database companies
HTML

8. UML ( cont. ) diagrammatic notation = “visual language”...
for constructing a data model
drawings constructed in Visio
tools to input a drawing to ArcGIS
input data to the data model

9. Steps in Data Modeling (1) Model the user's view of data
what are the basic features needed to solve the problem?
(2) Select the geographic representation
points, lines, areas, rasters, TINs
(3) Define objects and relationships
draw a UML diagram
(4) Match to geodatabase elements
specify relationships, “behaviors”
(5) Organize geodatabase structure

10. User’s View of Data

11. Select geographic rep.

15. UML Notation pp. 97-99 a class is shown as a box
top part contains the name of the class
lower part contains the attributes
methods associated with the class
lines connect boxes and indicate relationships

17. UML Notation ( cont. ) Abstract class Feature Class
specify subclasses underneath
Mammals w/human, dog feature classes
no new instances
Feature Class
Specify subtypes underneath

18. Objects and Features Object Feature
An instance of a class (another meaning)
in ArcGIS an object is non-spatial
it is NOT a point, line, or area
it has no geographic location
it has no shape attribute in its table
ship, vehicle, … customer, lake, house
Feature
an object that has geographic location
a point, line, area, TIN, raster

19. Relationships Links between classes, shown as lines One to one
One to many
Many to many

20. Relationships (cont.) 1:1 - solid line
one record in Class A linked to one record in Class B
“is married to”
the class of state capitals linked to the class of states
1:n - solid line with * at one end
one record in Class A linked to any number of records in Class B
"owns"
the class of states linked to the class of area codes

21. Relationships (cont.) m:n - solid line with * at both ends
any number of records in Class A linked to any number of records in Class B
"has visited”
"was never married to"
the class of mountain lions linked to the class of wilderness areas

24. Type Inheritance White triangle Solid diamond
Class B inherits the properties (attributes, methods) of Class A
the class street inherits from the class transportation network
Solid diamond
the parts and the whole depend on each other

26. UML to ArcInfo 8

27. Data Model Exercise Part 1 - Required - due May 1st, 5:00 p.m.
Part 2 - Extra credit - turn in before end of term
Exercise and data on web
Data on server