1. Chapter 21 World War II

2. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace After WWI, the role of the League of Nations as an international peacekeeper was challenged. First meeting of the League assembly in 1920

3. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Kellogg-Briand Pact 1929 Agreement that made war “ illegal ” Agreement that made war “ illegal ” Signed by 60 nations Signed by 60 nations

4. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Japanese military begins gaining power in late 1920s. Political chaos followed the assassination of the liberal minister Osachi Hamaguchi. Within two years, a group of Japanese military leaders took control.

5. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace On the evening of September 18, 1931, an explosion occurred on the railroad in Mukden (city in Manchuria). The railroad was owned and operated by the Japanese government and its tracks were patrolled by Japanese soldiers. Military leaders immediately blamed Chinese nationalists for the incident and began an occupation of the area.

6. I.The Japanese Path to War A.In September 1931, Japanese soldiers seized Manchuria. The Japanese claimed that the Chinese had attacked their railroad. In fact the Japanese had staged the attack themselves. (Manchurian Incident)

8. B.Japan strengthened its hold on Manchuria, which it renamed Manchukuo. U.S. opposed the Japanese takeover of Manchuria, but did nothing to stop it.

9. C.Chiang Kai-shek (leader of China) tried to avoid a war with Japan. He tried to appease Japan by allowing them to occupy parts of northern China. Japan would move southward taking over more of China.

10. D.In July 1937 the Chinese and Japanese clashed south of Beijing. The Japanese seized the capital of Beijing.

11. E.Japanese military leaders wanted to establish a New Order. They not wanted to extend Japan’s influence throughout China, but also all of East Asia and the western Pacific.

12. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace By 1939 the Japanese controlled about one fourth of China, including ALL seaports.

13. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Civil War in Spain Nobility and large landowners The Catholic Church military peasants workers WAR!

14. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace The Falange army landowners Church Used terrorism to preserve the power of … Fascist political party

15. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Francisco Franco Set up a fascist dictatorship Set up a fascist dictatorship Had unlimited power Had unlimited power Ended all free elections & most civil rights Ended all free elections & most civil rights Old ruling groups – army, landowners, Catholic Church - all held the positions of power Old ruling groups – army, landowners, Catholic Church - all held the positions of power