1. Risk  Risk is the product of –Probability that something will go wrong And –Severity of its consequences  How to reduce risk? –Reduce probability that something will go wrong –Reduce severity of consequences

2. Risks are Everywhere  Think of some task you like to get done today –Does it have a clear, specific, and desired outcome? Exercise for an hour Get a bearing for the mini project Get the lab report done Endure this class Endure this class without screaming (desired outcome)  Think of an overseas travel  Think of your capstone project –What are the desired outcomes?

3. Technical Risk Management TRM  TRM 4-step Methodology –Risk Identification –Risk Assessment –Risk Mitigation –Risk Monitoring

4. Risk Identification  Risk Identification is best done as a group –Identify the desired outcomes –Use brainstorming methods to identify risks –Only include meaningful risks –Continue until no more risks are identified –Keep track of risks as a part of the project plan

5. Risk Assessment  Risk Assessment –What are the odds of the risk event occurring Rare Unlikely Possible Likely Frequent

6. Risk Assessment  Risk Assessment –What are the consequences of the risk event Catastrophic Severe Marginal (not severe but significant enough) Negligible –In design projects, the consequences are usually in terms of time, budget, and product meeting PDS targets.

7. Risk Scoring Matrix FrequentLikelyPossibleUnlikelyRare CatastrophicEEHHM SevereEHHML MarginalHMMLL NegligibleMLLLL

8. Risk Assessment  Levels of Risk –Extreme – Do not accept level of risk –High – Do not accept level of risk –Medium – Mitigate if resources allow –Low - Accept

9. Risk Mitigation Plan  Reducing the probability of failure  More knowledge  Less Risk –More accurate assessment Research + Analysis Simulation Experimentation Published studies, statistical data –Design changes

10. Risk Mitigation Plan  Reducing consequences of events –More accurate assessment of consequences Research + Analysis Simulation Experimentation Published studies –Design Changes

11. Example  Assessment: Bolt failure for a fuel tank is initially a probable event and its consequences are catastrophic.  Mitigation Detailed analysis shows it is extremely unlikely. Further investigation shows consequences are not as severe as initially perceived. OR Select higher strength or larger bolts Add features to contain damage in case of failure

12. Example  Risk –Magnets stuck to the disk may fly off Probability: High Consequences: Severe injury or death –Risk Assessment: Extreme

13. Example –Mitigation (Reducing odds of the event) More accurate assessment of forces and probability of magnets flying off at maximum 1000 rpm –Conclusions: Very unlikely Design Changes –Add screws or other retaining parts –Use epoxy –Add speed sensors and automatic cut off

14. Example –Mitigation (Reducing consequences) More accurate assessment of consequences –Remains catastrophic Reducing consequences of the event –Add an enclosure –Operate remotely