1. Fiji and Tanzania Progress in the 8 Millennium Developmental Goals

2. Poverty and Hunger Fiji GDP Per Capita (U.S $, 2012) = $4,438 According to this statistic, there is only $4,438 available per Fijian. This is 11 ½ times less than how much money is available per American. As a result, Fiji’s standard of living is much lower than the average American. However, since Fiji’s GDP per capita is much larger than Tanzania’s, 7.3 times larger, it can be assumed that Fiji has also a much higher standard of living than Tanzania. Fiji’s two largest industries are agriculture (sugar and coconuts) and tourism. These industries are crucial for economic sustainability but do not bring in a large income. Tanzania GDP Per Capita (U.S $, 2012) = $609 $28.25 billion 2012 Population, total 47.78 million 2012 Income level =Low income Agriculture is the most important sector for employment, economic growth, and export income. GDP per capita is often considered as a measurement of standard of living. The statistic is created by the gross domestic product divided by midyear population. These statistics are in U.S currency to be more easily compared and contrasted to our standard of living in the U.S, which has a GDP per capita of $49,965.

3. Poverty and Hunger Cont. Tanzania Fiji Some Fijians are so poor that they resort to sleeping on plywood for a mattress and piles of clothes for a pillow. They also will construct their homes out of whatever materials they can find. “Whatever little food they have is equally shared” among families (The Fiji Times).

4. Education Fiji Literacy rate (over age 15) = 93.7% As shown here, Fiji has a relatively high literacy rate, nearly 10% points higher than the world average! Fiji’s literacy rate is also quite a bit higher that Tanzania’s literacy rate. “In Fiji, the role of government in education is to provide an environment in which children realize their full potential” (class base). Furthermore, education is free for children ages 6-16. The fact that education is free increases the amount of children able to go to school, thus increasing the literacy rate. Tanzania Literacy rate (over age 15) = 67.8% Youth (15-24 years) literacy rate (%) 2007-2011*, male 78 Youth (15-24 years) literacy rate (%) 2007-2011*, female 76 http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/tanzania_statistics.html Literacy rate is measured by the percentage of the total population who are over the age of 15 and can read and write. According to the C.I.A, the world’s literacy rate is at 84.1%.

5. Gender Equality Fiji Labor participation rate, female (above age 15) = 39% Gender inequality index =.6285 Fiji does not have a high gender inequality index number compared to many other countries. In fact, when comparing the index number to other countries it is ranked 113th. This is mostly due to the fact that women in Fiji are not given as many leadership opportunities in business or in politics. According to the Fiji Times, the government has committed to protect human rights through the “Woman’s Plan of Action” and in the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). Tanzania Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector (% of total nonagricultural employment) 31% 2006 2012 21,295,061 Projections basing on the Population growth for persons age 15 years and above from 2007 to 2012 http://datatopics.worldbank.org/gender/country/tanzani a The labor participation rate is the proportion of the population ages above 15 who are economically active. The gender inequality index can be thought of as a score of inequality in between men and women. It “assesses countries on how well they are dividing their resources and opportunities among their male and female populations, regardless of the overall levels of these resources and opportunities” (Global Gender Gap Report). The four categories the index number is based off of are economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, political empowerment, and health.

6. Child Mortality Tanzania Under Age 5 Mortality Rate: 76/1000 http://www.worldvision.org/our-impact/country- profiles/tanzania Fiji Under age 5 mortality rate: 22/1000 Fiji’s child mortality rate is decreasing over time. Statistics show that it increased for a time and now is significantly decreasing. This proves that Fiji is successfully achieving the 4th millennium development goal, which is to decrease child mortality rates. The child mortality rate shows the number of deaths of children under the age of 5 per 1000 children. To put it into perspective, the U.S only has 7 child deaths out of every 1000.

7. Maternal Health Tanzania Maternal mortality ratio = 460 UNITED NATIONS — Tanzania’s president says his country needs more money to fight maternal mortality and reach Millennium Development Goal targets by 2015.President Kikwete said that in sub-Saharan Africa, 117,000 newborns die each year. In Tanzania, he said, the number is 83,000, but that is 228 babies dying every day - a number, he said, that is still far too many. Kikwete said his country is working with international partners to save lives Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die during pregnancy and childbirth per 100,000 live births. Fiji Maternal mortality ratio = 26 United Nations - UN resident coordinator and UNDP resident representative Fiji Knut Ostby stated that Fiji must reduce its maternal mortality rate by 70% to achieve Millennium Development Goal number five by 2015. The mortality rate has been reduced from 41 to 32 from 1990 to 2008. This is only 30% within almost twenty years. This decline in maternal mortality rate is on the slow side. The good news is, however, is that there are strong health programs and legislation put in place to help speed up the decline of the maternal mortality rate.

8. HIV/AIDS Tanzania Prevalence of HIV = 6% Around 1.6 million people are living with HIV in Tanzania - six percent of the population. Although this number has recently fallen slightly, the epidemic’s severity differs widely from region to region, with some regions reporting an HIV prevalence of less than 2 percent (Arusha) and others as high as 16 percent (Iringa). An estimated 150,000 Tanzanians were newly infected with HIV in 2011, which is over 400 new infections every day. In the same year, 83,528 Tanzanians died from AIDS. http://www.avert.org/hiv-aids-tanzania.htm Fiji Prevalence of HIV =.1% The country of Fiji is very lucky to not have HIV be very prevalent. In fact, Fiji has barely ever had a problem with HIV. Statistics show that the prevalence of HIV has remained at.1% for at least 20 years! There has been some scares in the past that HIV might become more prevalent, but so far nothing serious has happened. Tanzania, on the other hand has a more serious problem with HIV. Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people (ages 15-49) who are infected with HIV. Percentages can be as low as.1% in some countries while some countries have a prevalence above 20% such that in Swaziland.

9. HIV/AIDS Tanzania HIV prevalence graphAs shown here, HIV is most prevalent in Africa, specifically south/southeast Africa.

10. Environmental Sustainability Fiji CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes) = 1.5 Population living on degraded land (%) = N/A Change in forest area 1990/2010 (%) = 6.4% According to UNPD.com, these statistics indicate that Fiji is a medium human development country. Tanzania CO2 emission per capita (tonnes) = 0.2 Population living on degraded land (%) = 25% Change in forest area 1990/2010 (%) = -19.4% According to UNPD.com, these statistics indicate that Tanzania is a low human development country. CO2 emission per capita measures how much CO2 is emitted (in tonnes) and divided by the population number. Countries with higher CO2 emissions tend to be more developed countries.

11. Global Partnership ODA stands for official development assistance. It consists of loans and grants by official agencies of the DAC (development assistance committee) and other outside sources. Therefore net ODA received (% of GNI) represents how much of the money received from the DAC (and other sources) makes up their national income. (GNI is gross national income). Therefore, these percentages show how much these countries benefit from ODA and from global partnership. Fiji ODA received (% of GNI) = 2% As shown here, 2% of Fiji’s gross national income is received from ODA. Although this is a smaller percentage compared to Tanzania, it is still significant enough to make a difference. As shown through the years, Fiji is needing less and less ODA. In the 1960s, Fiji ODA received (% of GNI) was 9.6%. Since then, the percentage has has been getting less and less, showing that the country of Fiji is developing and has been benefited from global partnership. Tanzania ODA received (%of GNI) = 10.3% Tanzania, on the other hand, needs ODA much more than Fiji as indicated by the high percentage of ODA received. As shown throughout time, the percentage of ODA received (% of GNI), has also decreased over time. This indicates, as does Fiji, that Tanzania has benefited from ODA and from global partnership. This shows that global partnership does help countries to develop.

12. Human Development Index Fiji -The Human Development Index - going beyond income HDI =.702 Each year since 1990 the Human Development Report has published the Human Development Index (HDI) which was introduced as an alternative to conventional measures of national development, such as level of income and the rate of economic growth. The HDI represents a push for a broader definition of well-being and provides a composite measure of three basic dimensions of human development: health, education and income. Between 1980 and 2012 Fiji's HDI rose by 0.7% annually from 0.572 to 0.702 today, which gives the country a rank of 96 out of 187 countries with comparable data. The HDI of East Asia and the Pacific as a region increased from 0.432 in 1980 to 0.683 today, placing Fiji above the regional average. The HDI trends tell an important story both at the national and regional level and highlight the very large gaps in well-being and life chances that continue to divide our interconnected world.1990Human Development Index (HDI) Tanzania-The Human Development Index - going beyond income HDI =.475 Each year since 1990 the Human Development Report has published the Human Development Index (HDI) which was introduced as an alternative to conventional measures of national development, such as level of income and the rate of economic growth. The HDI represents a push for a broader definition of well-being and provides a composite measure of three basic dimensions of human development: health, education and income. Tanzania (United Republic of)'s HDI is 0.476, which gives the country a rank of 152 out of 187 countries with comparable data. The HDI of Sub-Saharan Africa as a region increased from 0.366 in 1980 to 0.475 today, placing Tanzania (United Republic of) above the regional average. The HDI trends tell an important story both at the national and regional level and highlight the very large gaps in well-being and life chances that continue to divide our interconnected world.1990Human Development Index (HDI)

13. Sources http://data.worldbank.org http://partnership-africa.org http://www.fijitimes.com https://www.cia.gov http://www.voanews.com http://www.indexmundi.com http://hdrstats.undp.org http://www.wikipedia.com http://www.unicef.org