2. Topic Highlights Building / Construction Materials Rebar Manufacturing Process Environmental Aspects

3. Stainless Steel Rebar Fiber Reinforced Polymer Carbon Steel Rebar Rebar Materials

4. Stainless Steel Rebar –Excellence corrosion resistance; –well known properties; widely used in marine & corrosive environments; –Well developed standards; –Very high initial costs $; –Critical structure only;

5. Rebar Materials Fiber Reinforced Polymer FRP –Impervious to chloride ion and chemical attack; Good for aqueous environments; E.g. salt storage facilities, bridge decks, floating marine dock… –Nonmetallic properties  Transparent to magnetic fields and radio frequencies; E.g. Hospital MRI rooms, compass calibration pads, high V cable concrete… –Higher TS than steel can be archived; –¼ wt of steel reinforcement; –Carbon FRP, Glass FRP, Aramid FRP are available;

6. FRP Barriers Lack of well established standards Mechanical properties and bond characteristic; Manufacturing standards –Type & volume of fiber and resin; –Fiber orientation; –QC standards; NO in-site fabrications are allowed –E.g. bending, welding..

7. Carbon Steel Rebar –Well known properties and well developed standards; –Widely used in various environments; –Widely used in various specifications; e.g. epoxy coating, galvanizing, perstressed…etc. –Easy manufacturing and market availability; –Low costs $; Low Carbon Steel Rebar C <0.25%

8. Low Carbon Steel Rebar HK Standard: CS2:1995 –Frame on BS4449:1988; –Tensile Strength 460 N/mm 2 ; Standards Developments: –BS4449:2005 ; Grade B500; –Macau 第 64/96/M 號法令 ; Grade 500; –GB 1499-1998 ; HRB335 & HRB400, rare in HRB500; (under drafting of GB1499.2-XXXX version) –CS is under reviewing; Manufacturing process, Regional based: –Hot roll bar: V, Nb alloying  high cost; No further thermal processing required, natural air cooling; e.g. Japan, USA, China –Quenched bar: Low alloying elements, No V, Nb  lower cost; Water quenching and tempering required; e.g. Europe, Turkey, South Asia, China

9. Blast Furnace Route –Iron ore –High Energy consumptions –More pollutants Electric Arc Furnace EAF Route –Scrap –Relatively low energy consumptions –Steam line process –100% recycle of Scraps –Compact in size Steel Manufacturing Route

10. Blast Furnace Route Iron Ore Coke Small amount of Scrap Electrical Arc Furnace EAF Route Scrap Basic Oxygen Furnace BOF Ladle Furnace Casting m/c Steel Making Route

11. Rolling Operations Reheating Furnace EBROSRollingQuenching Cooling Bed Shear Bars Cold Charging From Billet stock Hot Charging from CCM

12. Tuen Mun Mill Operations RHFEBROSRollingQuenching Cooling Bed Shear Bars Electricity Consumption Cooling Water Scrapped bars Fuel Consumption

13. Environmental Aspects Resource Recycling –Scrap for Electric Arc Furnace –Sewage treatment system Conserving natural resources –Water treatment plant –Reduce electricity demand Protecting marine environment –Marine Pollution Equipment Minimizing waste –EBROS – minimize wastage

14. Cooling Water Treatment Plant Operations involved Direct water cooling; Operations involved Indirect water cooling; In house treatment plant  100% service water recycling; No discharge of service water to environments; 1998 in Operations

15. Cooling Water Treatment System Machineries / Equipments Chemical Treatments Storage tanks Sand Filters Settlement Degreasing Sea Water Plate Type Heat Exchangers

16. Minimized Scrap Rolling Innovative operation of Endless Bar Rolling System EBROS; Infinitive long billets rolling = no excessive cutting materials; Exact Multiple of Finishing Length; Rolling process save head and tail cuts, about -4% of rolling material; Perform cut-to-length orders;  Reduce civil site cutting scraps 2001 in Operations

17. Endless Bar ROlling System Welding Stage Welded Joint Deburred & Rolled Joint D.C. 9 V 12000 Amp

18. Endless Bar ROlling System Discontinuous-Conical elongation of the Joint  NO weak point in finishing material ! Rolling Direction

19. Endless Bar ROlling System Exact multiple length Minimized Scrap Save you fabrication time ! Save your material cost ! Save $

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