1. The Old Testament (Hebrew Scriptures) The Exodus 'and there came a pharaoh who knew not Joseph' Who was the Pharaoh? When did it happen? Hebrews/Habiru Oral Tradition and symbolic narrative At the time of the Exodus these pyramids were over 1200 years old

2. The Old Testament (Hebrew Scriptures) Seti I, Ramses II, Merneptah Exodus vs exodus 2 parts to the book: the exodus narrative the wilderness narrative

3. The Old Testament (Hebrew Scriptures) The Birth of Moses Oppression Population reduction The midwives, Shiprah and Puah Miriam and Moses' mother Irony and Parody

4. The Old Testament (Hebrew Scriptures) The Call of Moses Jethro, a priest of Midian Zipporah, another maiden at the well Moses' responses to God 'who shall I say sent me?' The Divine Name

5. The Old Testament (Hebrew Scriptures) The Nine Plagues and the Egyptian pantheon The Nine Plagues and the Egyptian pantheon Hapi, god of the Nile Nile to Blood Hapi, god of the Nile Nile to Blood Heket, fertility Frogs Geb, 'dust of the earth Gnats Khepri, scarab-headed god Flies Hathor, cow-headed goddess Pestilence Isis -healing Boils Hathor, cow-headed goddess Pestilence Isis -healing Boils Nut, sky goddess Hail Nut, sky goddess Hail Osiris, crops Locusts Amon-Ra, sun, chief god Darkness Amon-Ra, sun, chief god Darkness

6. The Old Testament (Hebrew Scriptures) The Death of the Firstborn and Passover Pharaoh directly affected Inclusio Institution of a Tradition Blood on lintel Azrael Lamb, Bread, Wine Lamb, Bread, Wine sacrifice of redemption sacrifice of redemption

7. The Old Testament (Hebrew Scriptures) Crossing the Sea of Reeds Misidentification dates to Septuagint c. 200 BC Pillar of Cloud/Column of Fire At least 3 pre-textual traditions Yahwist Priestly Song of Miriam http://www.biblearchaeology.org/image.axd?picture=Tel-Defenneh.jpg