1. Explain the basic processes of transcription and translation, and how they result in the expression of genes. Remember, genes are made of DNA and are in the nucleus DNA  ?  Protein Genes (DNA) contain the instruction for making a protein

2. Transcription In transcription, DNA is used to make mRNA in the nucleus Remember the RNA base pairing rules mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm DNA baseRNA match AU TA CG GC DNA  mRNA

3. Translation Occurs in the cytoplasm mRNA goes to the ribosome 3 bases on mRNA is a codon – each codon codes for one amino acid Anticodon on tRNA base pairs with codon on mRNA In translation, tRNA then brings amino acids in the proper order to make the protein on the ribosome. mRNA  protein

4. Translation A- amino acid B- tRNA C- anticodon D- codon E- mRNA F- Ribosome G-polypeptide (protein)

5. What amino acids are coded for by the DNA strand below? ATA GAG a)Stop b)Tyr Leu c)Tyr Glu d)Tyr His Changing one base in a gene could have the most direct effect on the a)Function of the membrane of a cell b)Type of carbohydrates synthesized by a cell c)Number of mitochondria in a cell d)Sequence of building blocks of a protein found in a cell