1. TRANSLATION
The process of converting the information stored in mRNA into a protein is called translation
mRNA carries information from a gene to a structure called a ribosome, where translation takes place
Each cell contains thousands of ribosomes
Proteins are constructed out of amino acids
The code for which amino acids to use in constructing the protein is what is stored in mRNA
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2. TRANSLATION CONTINUED
After the mRNA has moved into the ribosome, it is read by tRNA, or transfer RNA, which acts as an adapter between the mRNA and the synthesizing protein
The protein may undergo further changes after synthesis before it is ready for use
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3. HOW tRNA WORKS
Each amino acid is encoded in mRNA by a specific sequence of 3 nucleotide bases called a codon
tRNA reads the current codon and binds the appropriate amino acid to the growing protein
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4. Codons and Anticodons
The anticodon is the matching sequence on the tRNA to the codon on the mRNA
When the codon and anticodon are a match, the amino acid is added to the growing protein
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