2. Speed Dating You are to research your randomly assigned psychologist using the guide below (#1) You are to research your randomly assigned psychologist using the guide below (#1) Bring with you to class: Bring with you to class: 1. A notecard (or notecard size paper) with the essential information from your research. 1. A notecard (or notecard size paper) with the essential information from your research. The psychologist’s name, details of their research and/or importance, what school of thought (cognitive, behaviorist, psychoanalytic) if appropriate, etc. Basically, its a cheat-sheet to ensure you cover all the relevant information and correctly represent yourself. The psychologist’s name, details of their research and/or importance, what school of thought (cognitive, behaviorist, psychoanalytic) if appropriate, etc. Basically, its a cheat-sheet to ensure you cover all the relevant information and correctly represent yourself. 2. A prop of some kind to represent your research. 2. A prop of some kind to represent your research. For example, Phil Zimbardo who did the prison study (among many others) could bring a guy behind bars (made out of clay, a picture, a drawing) For Pavlov a stuffed dog with a jingle bell, etc.... Be creative. For example, Phil Zimbardo who did the prison study (among many others) could bring a guy behind bars (made out of clay, a picture, a drawing) For Pavlov a stuffed dog with a jingle bell, etc.... Be creative.

3. Stop & Look & Listen

4. History and Approaches What do we Know about Psychology? What is Psychology?

5. Complete Questionnaire Please select True or False for Each Question (use what you know to the best of your ability) Please select True or False for Each Question (use what you know to the best of your ability) How did you feel after taking the test? How well do you think you did? How did you know the information that you did? How did you feel after taking the test? How well do you think you did? How did you know the information that you did?

6. PSEUDOSCIENCE Promises easy fixes to life’s problems and challenges Promises easy fixes to life’s problems and challenges Love Love Unhappiness Unhappiness Get both halves of your brain working Get both halves of your brain working

7. Pseudoscience

8. NUMEROLOGY

9. Do You Believe? Do you believe in astrology, psychics, numerology, graphology? Do you believe in astrology, psychics, numerology, graphology? Why or why not? Why or why not?

10. FORTUNE-TELLING/PSYCHICS

11. PSYCHIC FAILS Sylvia Browne – most noted psychic predicated 2005- Saddam Hussein would die before his trial Sylvia Browne – most noted psychic predicated 2005- Saddam Hussein would die before his trial Wrote of John Ritter- “Having a Virgo sun sign helps keep his career ticking” Wrote of John Ritter- “Having a Virgo sun sign helps keep his career ticking” Published hours after Ritter died of a ruptured Aorta Published hours after Ritter died of a ruptured Aorta

12. Linda & Terry Jamison "We are seeing terrorist attacks on federal government – excuse me, federal buildings. Particularly South Carolina or Georgia, by July 2002. And also the New York Trade Center – the World Trade Center in 2002, with something, with a terrorist attack. "We are seeing terrorist attacks on federal government – excuse me, federal buildings. Particularly South Carolina or Georgia, by July 2002. And also the New York Trade Center – the World Trade Center in 2002, with something, with a terrorist attack.

13. What is Psychology?

14. What Fields Can A Psychologist go into?

15. What kind of different fields can you get into with a Psych Degree? What kind of different fields can you get into with a Psych Degree? You & a Partner will be assigned a field. You & a Partner will be assigned a field. Research it (what they do, where they work) Come up with a skit to show an example of why you would need such a psychologist Ex: If you’re a sports psych. You can do a skit of a kid playing a sport and then something happens Be ready to present on Friday (skit first, then explanation)

16. Careers in Psychology

17. Psychologist Need a doctorate graduate degree Need a doctorate graduate degree May take 4-6 years to earn a doctorate in a subfield May take 4-6 years to earn a doctorate in a subfield

18. Clinical Psychologist Diagnose and treat patients with psychological problems Diagnose and treat patients with psychological problems Day to day issues Day to day issues Largest number of professional psychologists Largest number of professional psychologists

19. Basic Research/ Experimental Psychologist Pure science or research Pure science or research Research for the sake of finding new information and expanding the knowledge base of psychology Research for the sake of finding new information and expanding the knowledge base of psychology Conducts research in a lab Conducts research in a lab

20. Neuropsychologist Also called biological psychologists or biopsychologists Also called biological psychologists or biopsychologists Explore how the brain works Explore how the brain works Most often work in university/college settings Most often work in university/college settings

21. Social Psychologist Explore how behaviors, feelings, and beliefs are influenced by others Explore how behaviors, feelings, and beliefs are influenced by others Study conformity, attitudes, leadership, prejudice, group behavior, etc. Study conformity, attitudes, leadership, prejudice, group behavior, etc. Work in the business setting, government, and universities Work in the business setting, government, and universities

22. Developmental Psychologist Study the growth or development that takes place from the womb to death Study the growth or development that takes place from the womb to death Work in senior centers, hospitals, day- cares or universities Work in senior centers, hospitals, day- cares or universities

23. Cognitive Psychologist Study thought processes including intelligence, problem solving, attention, decision making, language, etc. Study thought processes including intelligence, problem solving, attention, decision making, language, etc. Work in educational settings and the business world Work in educational settings and the business world

24. Forensic Psychologist Apply law and psychology to legal issues Apply law and psychology to legal issues Studies Actions and Motives of criminals Studies Actions and Motives of criminals Work in correctional settings, law enforcement, and academic settings Work in correctional settings, law enforcement, and academic settings

25. Sports Psychologist Explore psychological issues in improving athletic performance as well as recovering from a loss or injury Explore psychological issues in improving athletic performance as well as recovering from a loss or injury Work for sports teams or in private practice Work for sports teams or in private practice

26. Educational Psychologist Study how humans learn and how to improve the learning process Study how humans learn and how to improve the learning process Search for ways to improve educational systems Memory Rewards/punishment for achievement Work in school systems, the government, or at universities Work in school systems, the government, or at universities

27. PSYCHOMETRIC PSYCHOLOGIST Design and evaluate tests of mental abilities, aptitudes, interests, and personality

28. School Psychologist Use psychology to improve the development of children in the school system Use psychology to improve the development of children in the school system Are involved in assessments (testing) Are involved in assessments (testing) Work for school systems, the government or universities Work for school systems, the government or universities

29. Consumer Psychologist Study why people buy certain products and not others Study why people buy certain products and not others Work in the business or academic world Work in the business or academic world

30. Rehabilitation Psychologist Help those who have been involved in an accident or have been ill Help those who have been involved in an accident or have been ill Work in medical rehabilitation centers Work in medical rehabilitation centers

31. Social Worker Only have an undergraduate or masters degree in psychology or social work Only have an undergraduate or masters degree in psychology or social work Work to improve the lives of others Work to improve the lives of others Work for the government, schools, and residential facilities Work for the government, schools, and residential facilities

32. INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL Try to apply psychology to help business and organizations operate Try to apply psychology to help business and organizations operate Behavior at the workplace Group decision making Employee morale Work motivation Productivity Job stress Personnel selection Marketing strategies

33. Where do Psychologists work? 36% -Academic Institutions 22% - Clinical Settings (Private Practice) 17% - Hospitals and Clinics 12% - Business and Government 6% - Counseling and Guidance Centers 5% - School Systems 1% - Other

34. Practice Question #1 1. Martha is pursuing a career in psychology. She wants to help employees become more productive in the workplace. Which field of psychology should Martha select for school? a. Physiological b. Cognitive c. Educational d. Clinical e. Industrial-organizational

35. What is Psychology?

36. ↓ Root Words ↓ Psyche: the soul Ology: the study of

37. What is psychology? The scientific study of behavior & mental processes Science: making verifiable, objective predictions Science: making verifiable, objective predictions Behavior: observable acts Behavior: observable acts Mental Processes: storing, recalling, using info/feelings Mental Processes: storing, recalling, using info/feelings

38. What is Psychology? Affected by (response to) Affected by (response to) Physical state Physical state Mental state Mental state External environment External environment

39. Hippocrates & Aristotle Greek philosopher: Founder of modern medicine Greek philosopher: Founder of modern medicine Brain is ultimate source of (feelings such as pleasure and pain (Biological perspective) Brain is ultimate source of (feelings such as pleasure and pain (Biological perspective) - Use senses to get information - Use information to solve problems - motivated to act in good or bad ways

40. Historical Origins of Psychology Rene Descartes True knowledge comes through reasoning Heredity provides individuals with inborn knowledge and abilities and we use this to reason We are to doubt everything – that’s the only way we can be certain about anything I think, therefore I am (because we think, we exist)

41. Historical Origins of Psychology John Locke Saw the mind as receptive and passive, with its main goal as sensing and perceiving Tabula rasa – we are born as a blank slate, everything we know is learned

42. Who’s Right????

43. Practice Question #2 1. Which of the following characterizes a behavioral approach to psychology? a. A study of the unconscious motives involved in behavior b. An introspective study of mental imagery used in problem solving c. An analysis of the neurons involved in memory storage d. The use of a projective test to assess personality e. A study of how reinforcement affects learning

44. Psychological Perspectives Why is a person the way they are? Depends on who you ask… I’m gonna need 6 participants

45. The Blind Men & The Elephant

47. The Father of Psychology Wilhelm Wundt  Opened 1 st Psychology lab (1879) - Germany  Est. Psych as a Science - lab experiments - empirical evidence

48. Could you hang with Wilheim Wundt? Wilhelm Wundt’s Volunteers had to make 10,000 practice observations about themselves before considered for studies Wilhelm Wundt’s Volunteers had to make 10,000 practice observations about themselves before considered for studies Come up with 50 observations about thoughts, sensations, images, and feelings. 5 minutes Come up with 50 observations about thoughts, sensations, images, and feelings. 5 minutes Who thinks they can do more? Who thinks they can do more? Nothing can be repeated Nothing can be repeated

49. The Father of Psychology Wilhelm Wundt Focus on consciousness consciousness could be broken down (or reduced) to its basic elements Introspection Self-observation: ‘seeing’ mental processes in immediate experience record thoughts, sensations, feeling, and images and to analyze them when you are experiencing something Reactions to simple stimuli

50. The First Schools of Psychology Structuralism (what happened, what is there) sensation & perception and breaking those down into minute detail Edward Bradford Titchner (Wundt’s student) Three basic mental elements Images, feelings & sensations 1. 1. Introspection 2. 2. Wanted to understand the structural elements of the mind (FEELING) a. Mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations

51. The First Schools of Psychology Functionalism 1890 (how and why did it happen) Applying Darwin’s theory of natural selection to mental processes (what was the purpose of thinking?) William James (Father of American Psychology) How and why (purpose) of behavior The nose is structured to smell, but why do we need the nose to smell?? What’s its function?

52. Other Early Schools of Psychology Gestalt psychology (1890) Wholes vs. multiple individual elements A whole is greater than the sum of it’s parts Examine a person’s who experience Don’t dissect an experience into separate elements to discover truths – instead, look at the ‘whole’

53. WHAT DO YOU SEE?? Next slide

55. Autumn by Giuseppe Arcimboldo (1573) How does this painting illustrate Gestalt Psychology??

56. What do you see when you see this car?

57. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Austrian physician, and his followers emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind and its effects on human behavior.

59. ‘Modern’ Schools of Psychology Freud’s Psychodynamic (Psychoanalytic) Theory (20 th century) Conscious vs. unconscious conflicts Behavior results from unconscious drives & conflicts memories of which we are not aware & cannot control especially sexual drives from childhood

60. Behaviorism Pioneered by Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) CLASSICAL CONDITIONING = behavior as the product of prior experience famous experiment where he rang a bell every time he fed some dogs, the dogs would salivate with the food. Eventually the dogs began salivating when Pavlov rang the bell Unintentional (studying the digestion of dogs)

61. John B. Watson (1878- 1958) First to use the term ‘behaviorism’ (founder) Famous experiment with Little Albert (1920) Emotions like fear could be conditioned Science of behavior

62. B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) Huge influence on behaviorism Introduced the idea of REINFORCEMENT, and Operant Conditioning Behavior is a result of reinforcement & punishment

63. Behavioral Perspective All Behavior is LEARNED Modeling Imitating Reinforcements “You are what you learned” Focuses on OBSERVABLE behaviors over inner experiences. Only cares about the behaviors that get in the way of our living, and attempts to change them. If you bit your fingernails when you were nervous, a behaviorist would not focus on calming you down, but rather focus on how to stop you from biting your nails.

65. Nature v. Nurture NATURE we are born the way we are Genetics and hormones explain behavior Biology NURTURE we are raised a certain way Environmental factors explain behavior Experience

66. Am I the way I am because I was born that way or because of my surroundings? Nature v. Nurture Can I ever be like these people, or does nature give me limitations?

67. Biological Perspective impact of biology on our behavior how the brain, nervous system, hormones, & genetics influence our behavior referred to as psychobiologists

68. Neuroscience/Biological Perspective If you could not remember the names of your parents and went to a psychologist who adheres to the neuroscience perspective, what might they say?

69. Cognitive Perspective Cognitive = Thinking how we process, store, and use information how info. influences our thinking, language, reasoning, problem solving, and creativity Behavior influenced by mental processes, perceptions, beliefs memories & expectations

70. Cognitive Perspective How do we see the world? How did we learn to act to sad or happy events? Cognitive Therapist attempt to change the way you think. Meet girl Get Rejected by girl Did you learn to be depressed Or get back on the horse

71. Humanistic Psychology Individual or self-directed choices influence our behavior Reaching our full potential  SELF ACTUALIZATION The environment and other outside forces simply serve as a background to our own internal growth Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow “Hierarchy of Needs”

72. Humanistic Perspective Focuses on positive growth Attempt to seek self-actualization Therapists use active listening and unconditional positive regard.  Mr. Rogers would have made a great Humanistic Therapist!!!

73. Socio-cultural Perspective Studying the influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences on behavior and social functioning Rules, Roles, Social Norms & Groups

74. Social-Cultural Perspective Even in the same high school, behaviors can change in accordance to the various subcultures.

75. Evolutionary Psychology Charles Darwin All behavior stems from survival of the fittest Instinctual behavior Motivated to spread genetic material

76. Practice Question #2 1. Which of the following characterizes a behavioral approach to psychology? a. A study of the unconscious motives involved in behavior b. An introspective study of mental imagery used in problem solving c. An analysis of the neurons involved in memory storage d. The use of a projective test to assess personality e. A study of how reinforcement affects learning

77. Practice Question #2 #2. Of the following topics, which would a cognitive psychologist be most likely to study? a. Conformity behavior of college students b. Genetic determinants of behavior c. Problem-solving strategies in chess d. Personnel selection problems e. Maturational processes in adolescent development

78. Practice Question #3 1. John B. Watson is best known as the founder of a. Behaviorism b. Functionalism c. Rationalism d. Structuralism e. Mechanism

79. Perspectives Through Music https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2uzK3 VwzraM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2uzK3 VwzraM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2uzK3 VwzraM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2uzK3 VwzraM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yg05 svXp98 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yg05 svXp98 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yg05 svXp98 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yg05 svXp98 Which perspective does this music video represent and why/how? Which perspective does this music video represent and why/how?