1. Oil and Influence A Modern History of Saudi Arabia

2. Preview  What do you know about Saudi Arabia? Directions: Determine if the following statements are True or False: Directions: Determine if the following statements are True or False: Saudi Arabia is home to the holy sites Mecca AND Medina—both important to the Islamic faith. Saudi Arabia is home to the holy sites Mecca AND Medina—both important to the Islamic faith. Saudi Arabia is the 3 rd largest exporter of oil in the world. Saudi Arabia is the 3 rd largest exporter of oil in the world. Drug-trafficking in Saudi Arabia is illegal and carries the death penalty along with it. Drug-trafficking in Saudi Arabia is illegal and carries the death penalty along with it.

3. Basic Information  Population: 28.8 million 28.8 million 90% Arab, 10% Afro-Asian 90% Arab, 10% Afro-Asian  Government: Monarchy (Imam): Monarchy (Imam):  ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud Islamic Law Islamic Law  Religion: Islam Islam

4. Map

5. Brief History  Ancient History Nomadic Tribes Nomadic Tribes Semitic Peoples Semitic Peoples Roman Empire Roman Empire  Modern History Home and Founding Place of Islam (610 A.D.) Home and Founding Place of Islam (610 A.D.) Islamic Empire (Caliphate) Islamic Empire (Caliphate)  Today Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1931 A.D.) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1931 A.D.)

6. Saudi Involvement in the World Wars  World War I Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Independence Independence Kingdom established Kingdom established  World War II Good terms with Axis Good terms with Axis Strict neutrality Strict neutrality Eventual siding with Allies Eventual siding with Allies Oil… Oil…

7. Saudi Arabia Since 1945  Post-World War II: Dynasty of Kings Dynasty of Kings  Abdul Aziz  Saud  Faisal  Khalid  Fahd Arab Nationalism Arab Nationalism Anti-Israel Anti-Israel

8. Saudi Arabia Since 1945  Late 20 th Century Pressured by Arab nations Pressured by Arab nations U.S. Relationship U.S. Relationship The Persian Gulf War The Persian Gulf War OPEC OPEC  Role In 9/11 15 of 19 Saudi 15 of 19 Saudi Strains Relationships Strains Relationships

9. Important Historical Figures  The Prophet Muhammad Founder of Islam Founder of Islam  Osama bin Laden Orchestrator of September, 11 attacks Orchestrator of September, 11 attacks

10. Connections to Concepts  Globalization Member of OPEC Member of OPEC Dependence on Oil Dependence on Oil One of the richest nations in the world despite almost no natural resources One of the richest nations in the world despite almost no natural resources  Sphere of Influence Role of the West Role of the West West v. Islam West v. Islam

11. Role in the World  #1 Exporter of Oil  Partnership and leverage over industrial nations  Fence-Sitter Supports Arab development Supports Arab development Supports Western economics Supports Western economics  Holiest Sites of Islam

12. Conclusion  Islamic Development  Modern Monarchy  The Importance of Oil  The Decision: Islam or West…???