1. Chapter 5 Working with Tables Principles of Web Design, 4 th Edition

2. 5-2 Objectives Understand table basics Format tables Follow table pointers to create well-designed tables Create a page template Evaluate examples of page templates

3. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-3 Understanding Table Basics

4. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-4 Using Table Elements To build effective page templates, you must be familiar with the HTML table elements and attributes The element contains the table information, which consists of table row elements and individual table data cells –These are the three elements you will use most frequently when you are building tables

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8. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-8 Basic Table Code Breed Description Group French Bulldog Loyal Companion Non-Sporting Wheaten Terrier High energy, friendly Terrier English Pointer Hunting companion Sporting Australian Cattle Dog Guarding, herding Working

9. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-9 Captions and Table Header lets you add a caption to the top or bottom of the table By default, captions display at the top of the table; you can use the align=“bottom” attribute to align the caption at the bottom of the table The tag lets you create a table header cell that presents the cell content as bold and centered

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11. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-11 Table Grouping Attributes The primary use of the grouping elements is to let you apply styles to groups of either rows or columns

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14. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-14 Defining Table Attributes Table attributes let you further define a number of table characteristics You can apply attributes at three levels of table structure: global, row level, or cell level

15. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-15 Global Table Attributes Global attributes affect the entire table

16. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-16 Row-Level Table Attributes Row-level attributes affect the entire table

17. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-17 Cell-Level Table Attributes Cell-level attributes affect only the contents of one cell

18. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-18 Spanning Columns The colspan attribute lets you create cells that span multiple columns of a table Column cells always span to the right

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20. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-20 Spanning Rows The rowspan attribute lets you create cells that span multiple rows of a table Rows always span down

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22. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-22 Formatting Tables

23. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-23 Choosing Relative or Fixed Table Widths Set relative table widths as percentages in the table width attribute –If you choose relative table widths, your tables will resize based on the size of the browser window Set absolute table widths as pixel values in the table width attribute –Fixed tables remain constant regardless of the browser window size

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26. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-26 Determining the Correct Fixed Width for a Table The most common width for page template tables is approximately 975 pixels This width supports the 1024 x 768 screen resolution

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28. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-28 Adding White Space in a Table You can add white space into a table with the cellpadding and cellspacing attributes

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31. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-31 Removing Default Table Spacing Default spacing values are included in the table even when you don’t specify values for the table’s border, cellpadding, or cellspacing attributes Depending on the browser, approximately two pixels are reserved for each of these values You can remove the default spacing by explicitly stating a zero value for each attribute

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34. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-34 Table Pointers for Well- Designed Tables

35. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-35 Table Pointers for Well- Designed Tables Write code that is easy to read Remove extra white spaces Center tables to adapt to different resolutions Stack tables for quicker downloading Avoid nested tables Use Cascading Style Sheets for table styles

36. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-36 Removing Extra Spaces Always remove any leading or trailing spaces in your table cell content These spaces cause problems when you try to join the contents of adjacent cells

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38. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-38 Centering Tables Centering a fixed table makes it independent of resolution changes, because the table is always centered in the browser window

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40. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-40 Stacking Tables Because of the way browsers display tables, it is better to build several small tables rather than one large one This technique, called stacking tables, also can simplify your table design task, because smaller tables are easier to work with

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42. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-42 Avoid Nesting Tables Nesting tables is the practice of placing an entire table within a table cell Nested tables are not accessible to screen readers and other assistive devices This technique is being replaced by newer techniques such as CSS positioning

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44. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-44 Creating a Page Template

45. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-45 Creating a Page Template In this example you’ll see how to take a design sketch for a Web page and build a template for the page layout Figure 5-20 shows a sketch of the desired layout –This layout is designed for a base screen resolution of 1024 x 768, so the table will be fixed at a width of 975 pixels

46. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-46 Creating a Page Template (continued) Notice that the basic structure of the table is three rows by four columns Each column uses 25% of the total width of the template Row spans and column spans break across the layout to provide visual interest

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48. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-48 Building the Basic Table Structure Start by building the basic table structure, including all the cells and rows of the table As you customize the table you can remove extraneous cells as necessary The basic structure is a three-row by four- column table

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50. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-50 Setting a Fixed Width One of the design characteristics of the template is a fixed width that does not depend on the user’s browser size or screen resolution To create this characteristic, use a pixel value in the table width attribute

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52. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-52 Creating the Page Banner Cell The page banner cell is R1C1 This cell spans the four columns of the table using the colspan attribute

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54. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-54 Creating the Feature Article Cell The feature article cell in the layout is R2C2, and spans two columns This column span requires the removal of one cell in row two to make room for the span

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56. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-56 Creating the Link Column Cells The New Link and Linked Ads columns in the layout reside in cells R2C1 and R2C3 respectively These cells span rows 2 and 3 of the table The row spans require the removal of cells R3C1 and R3C4

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59. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-59 Setting the Column Widths Column widths must be set in only one cell per column It’s also best to set the column widths in only one row of the table Setting the column width ensures that the text will wrap properly

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61. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-61 Testing the Template To verify that your template works properly, populate it with test content Test the template in multiple browsers

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67. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-67 Examples of Page Templates The following templates cover a variety of page layout needs You may choose to stack different templates on top of each other for more complex layouts

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74. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-74 Summary Plan your tables by sketching them out first Use fixed table widths if you want to determine the size of your page rather than let the browser determine the width Use relative widths if you want to build tables that resize with the browser window, wrapping your content to fit Write table code that is easy to read, remove extra spaces, and choose whether to center or stack tables Avoid using nested tables and use CSS whenever possible to add presentation style to tables

75. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-75 Summary Work on your pages with the table borders turned on, which displays the cell boundaries When you are finished with your layout, you can turn the borders off Size your tables based on the page size you want to create –Use 1024 x 768 as your base screen resolution –In most cases you’ll set the width but not the height of your tables, allowing the content to flow down the page

76. Principles of Web Design, 4th Edition5-76 Summary Test your work! –Table settings, especially cell widths and heights, can vary based on the user’s browser